宾语从句考点梳理

1.定义

2.分类  2.1动词的宾语从句2.2介词的宾语从句 2.3形容词的宾语从句

3.要点  3.1时态   3.2语序  3.3引导词

4.练习与答案

 

定义：在一个复合句中，如果一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，那么这个做宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。

e.g. We know him. him作know宾语    (简单句)

We know that he likes English.  He likes English 作know宾语 (复合句)

 

分类：1.动词的宾语从句   

He told me that he could pass the exam.

I wonder why she refused my invitation.

2.介词的宾语从句  

We are talking about whether he is a good student.

I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.

It depends on whether we have enough time.

3.形容词的宾语从句

I am sorry that I have troubled you a lot.

I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.

We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.

常用于此类的形容词有 essential, important, natural, necessary, possible,strange....等。

 

要点：

（一）时态

1. 当主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态。

I know that he studies English every day.

We all know that he has studied English since 1998.

Can you tell me how he got to the railway station?

2.当主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去的某个时态（即从句的时态需要倒退）。

We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.

My father said that he had bought a new computer.

He asked what time it was.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

 

3.当从句的内容为客观真理、名言谚语时，不受主句时态限制，均用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

 

【即时巩固】

①The official said they ________ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.

A. makes B. would make    C. made D. have made

②We are glad to hear that the Greens ________ to a new flat next week.

A. moved B. moved C. will move D. have moved

③He told me ________.

A. the earth ran around the sun B. the earth runs around the sun

C. the sun ran around the earth D. the sun runs around the earth

④I asked your mother if she ________ that dress.

A. bought B. had bought C. had buyed D. buy

⑤They wondered if their teacher ________ them another story the next week.

A. would tell B. had told C. will tell D. told

⑥Jenny told me that she ________ an English Speech Contest the next month.

A. takes part in B. is taking part in

B. took part in D. would take part in

⑦Mum said that the light ________ faster than the sound.

A. goes B. is going C. went D. would go

⑧--- How clean the floor is today!

--- Oh, yes. Do you know who ________ it?

A. will sweep B. swept C. is sweeping D. sweeps

 

（二）语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序,即：连接词+主语+谓语

I don’t know what they are looking for.

Could you tell me when the train will leave?

Can you describe what kind of man he is?

思考：如何变陈述句语序？

（1）如果一个疑问句中含有be动词，情态动词等时，只需将be动词，情态动词等还原到主语之后。

Where are you from?      ----     I wonder where you are from.

Can he play basketball?   ----    I wonder whether/if he can play basketball.

（2）如果一个疑问句中含有助动词do的各种形式时，需将助动词do的各种形式删除，再将宾语从句动词变为对应的时态。

Where does he live?             I wonder where he lives.

【即时巩固】

①Father's Day is coming. I'm thinking about _______.                .

A. what present I gave him

B. where we had a big meal

C. how I will give him a surprise

D. if I planned a party for him

 

②---Kate, do you know _______?

---I’m not sure. Maybe a Bird-watching Society worker.

A. where can I watch birds     B. what is the man with a camera

C. where I can watch birds     D. what the man with a camera is

 

③---Excuse me, could you tell me ________?

---Better walk there. It's only about ten minutes' walk.

A.how far Suguo Supermarket is

B. how far is Suguo Supermarket

C. how can I get to Suguo Supermarket

D. how I can get to Suguo Supermarket

 

④—There will be a graduation ceremony next week. Do you know____________?

—We will have it on line instead of at the school hall.

A. when it will be held B. when it was held

C. where it will be held D. where it was held

 

⑤—I heard NBA star Kobe Bryant’s private helicopter (直升机) crashed. I wonder________.

—All the nine people died including his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna.

A.where the accident happened

B. that his daughter died too

C. what was the weather like that day

D. if there were any survivors in the accident

 

⑥—Could you tell me __________?   —In Xinhua Bookstore.

A.where you bought the book

B.where did you buy the book

C. where do you buy the book

 

⑦—What did the shopkeeper say to you?

— She asked me________.

A. when does the shop close B. where did I see the style

C. if I preferred that orange dress D. what else I will buy

 

⑧—Do you mind telling me ___________?

—Of course not. Remember ＂Keep Moving＂.

A. how can I lose weight B. where can I lose weight

C. how I can lose weight D. where I can lose weight

 

 

（三）引导词：

I. 由that引导的宾语从句：

要点：

（一）that引导宾语从句：①不作成分，只起连接作用；②没有意义，通常可以省略。 

（二）可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等，这些动词后的宾语从句中的连接词that通常都可以省略。

He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

I think (that) he is an honest man.

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

注意：在以下几种情况中that不能省略：

1) 从句前有插入语时，that不可省略。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.

2) 一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。

He said (that)he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me.

3) that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others.

4) 由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略。

I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.=

I think that he can finish the task in such a short time impossible.

II. 由whether / if引导的宾语从句：

要点：（一）whether / if引导宾语从句：①具有一定意义，意为“是否” ②不作成分，不可省略。 

He wonders whether I will go to party this weekend.

I want to know if /whether he lives there.

He asked me whether/if I could help him.

Mike wonders whether/if it will rain tomorrow.

注意：whether和if的使用区别：

1. whether能与or not直接连用，if则不能。

I wonder whether it’s going to rain or not .

I wonder whether or not it’s going to rain .

2. whether能放在介词后，if则不能。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

3. whether后能接to do不定式，if则不能。

       He asks me whether to see a film.

III. 由连接代词、连接副词和wh-ever引导的宾语从句：

要点：who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how引导宾语从句：

①担任句子成分，包含一定意义；②起连接作用，不可省略。

I want to know what he has told you.

He wonders where you live.

 

否定转移：否定的信息焦点在从句里，否定的形式却在主句里。

I think that he will become the new leader.

I don’t think that he will become the new leader.

 

【即时巩固】

1. I've decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering _______ you could go with me.

A. if   B. when C. that D. where

2. You don't know _______ I want to see you again. It's a year since I last saw you.

A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how much

3. Don't wait for people to be friendly, show them _______ a friendly person you are.

A. what B. how C. when D. where

4. Thomas wants to know _______ Nina lives.

A. where B. who C. what D. if

5.--- Do you know _______ the man with sunglasses is?

--- I'm not sure. Maybe a reporter.

A. who B. what C. where D. how

6.--- How long does it take to get to the airport?

--- Forty minutes. But it's foggy today. I'm not sure _______ the highway will close soon. Let's set off earlier.

A. whether B. when C. how D. why

7.--- Can you tell me _______ you usually play football? --- Once a week.

A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how far

8. I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I don't know _______  he will arrive.

A. where B. why C. how D. when