初中英语语法—动词

​一、行为动词 (Action Verbs)

定义：表示具体动作或行为的动词，能独立作谓语。

分类与用法：

​及物动词 (Transitive Verbs, vt.)

必须接宾语，否则句意不完整。

例句：

She ​eats an apple. （直接宾语）

He ​gave me a book. （间接宾语 + 直接宾语）

​不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs, vi.)

无需宾语即可表达完整意义。

例句：

Birds ​fly.

The sun ​rises.

​兼作及物和不及物动词

部分动词根据语境改变性质。

例句：

She ​sings beautifully. （vi.）

She ​sings a song. （vt.）

常见错误：

误用不及物动词带宾语（如：✗ He runs a marathon every morning. → ✓ He runs every morning.）

​二、连系动词 (Linking Verbs)

定义：连接主语与表语，说明主语性质、状态或身份，无实际动作。

分类与用法：

​Be动词

am/is/are（现在时）；was/were（过去时）

例句：

She ​is a teacher.

They ​were happy.

​感官动词

look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、taste（尝起来）、smell（闻起来）、feel（感觉）

例句：

The cake ​smells delicious. （+形容词）

The story ​sounds interesting.

​变化类动词

become（成为）、get（变得）、turn（转变）、grow（逐渐变得）

例句：

Leaves ​turn yellow in autumn.

He ​became famous.

​状态保持类

stay（保持）、remain（仍然）、keep（保持）

例句：

Please ​keep quiet.

She ​remained calm.

注意事项：

后接表语（形容词/名词），而非副词（如：✓ She looks happy. ✗ She looks happily.）

​三、情态动词 (Modal Verbs)

定义：表示能力、许可、推测等，需与动词原形连用，无人称/数变化。

常见情态动词及用法：

​can/could

能力（I can swim.）

请求许可（Can I open the window?）

推测（It could be true.）

​may/might

许可（May I leave?）

可能性（It may rain.）

​must

必须（You must finish homework.）

肯定推测（She must be tired.）

​should

建议/义务（You should study harder.）

​will/would

意愿/请求（Will you help me? Would you like tea?）

特殊规则：

​否定形式：直接加not（can → cannot/can't；must → must not/mustn't）。

​过去式用法：could/might/would可表委婉（Could you pass the salt?）。

​must vs. have to：must表主观，have to表客观（I must exercise. vs. I have to wear a uniform.）。

​need/dare可作情态或实义动词：

情态：Need I go? / Dare he speak?

实义：I need to go. / He doesn’t dare to ask.

​四、助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs)

定义：辅助构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句，无实际意义。

分类与用法：

​Be动词

构成进行时态：be + V-ing

She ​is reading.

构成被动语态：be + 过去分词

The book ​was written by him.

​Do动词

构成一般现在/过去时的疑问句和否定句：

​Do you like apples?

He ​doesn’t know the answer.

用于强调：

I ​do want to help!

​Have动词

构成完成时态：have + 过去分词

They ​have finished the work.

注意事项：

助动词后接原形动词（如：✓ He is running. ✗ He is runs.）。

否定句：助动词 + not（如：She has not arrived.）。

​易混淆点总结

​系动词 vs. 行为动词

系动词后接形容词（✓ The flower smells good.）；行为动词后接副词（✓ She smells the flower carefully.）。

​情态动词的否定推测

must表肯定推测（He must be at home.）；can’t表否定推测（He can’t be at school.）。

​助动词在疑问句中的位置

助动词提前（Did he go?）；无助动词时需添加（✗ Went he? → ✓ Did he go?）。

初中英语课后练习—动词

一 、单项选择题

1. I ________ asleep in the corner, for I didn’t remember what happened last night.

A. might fall                                              B. must have fallen

C. must fall                                                D. can have fallen

2. Oh no! We have no gas. Robert ________ to fill the tank.

A. could have forgotten                            B. should have forgotten

C. must have forgotten                              D. might have forgotten

3. I _______ him last night, but I was too busy.

A. should telephone                                  B. had to telephone

C. ought to telephone                                D. should have telephoned

4. Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ________ I go out

and play with Tom for a while?

A. Can’t                                                    B. Wouldn’t

C. May not                                               D. Won’t

5. Steven ______ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.

A. must receive                                         B. should have received

C. couldn’t have received                         D. ought to have received

6. Look at that house! Those people ________ have a lot of money.

A. can                    B. must                        C. may             D. will

7. —It’s Sunday tomorrow. What are you going to do? —I ________ go hiking, but I’m not sure.

A. might                B. shall                        C. need                  D. must

8. —Is that girl on the playground Lily?

—No. It ________ be Lily. She is in Shanghai now.

A. needn’t             B. can’t                        C. shouldn’t          D. won’t

9. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ________ so much ice cream

just now.

A. shouldn’t have eaten                            B. mustn’t eat

C. can’t have eaten                                    D. must have eaten

10. The road is muddy. It ________ last night.

A. can have rained                                    B. must have rained

C. could have rained                                 D. should have rained

11. Jane says that we ______ not touch the snake as it is very dangerous.

A. need                 B. can                          C. must                  D. would

12. I needn’t have got up that early yesterday but I ________ because the

dog barked all the time.

A. must                 B. have to                    C. can                    D. might

13. The cake tastes ________. Have a try.

A. good                 B. badly                       C. bad                    D. well

14. ---Please carry a mobile phone to make it easier for me to get hold of you.

---OK, Dad. But I am eighteen. You ________ worry so much.

A. can’t                                                     B. mustn’t

C. needn’t                                                 D. wouldn’t

15. What do you think will ______ next?

A. be happened                                         B. happen

C. be happening                                        D. to happen

二 、翻译句子 。

1.  任何地方都可能发生事故。

2.  我和朋友将在公园里放风筝 。

3.  老师让我们写作业。

4.  我哥哥给了我一本书 。

5.  那双袜子很便宜 。

 

初中英语课后练习—动词答案

一 、单项选择题

二 、翻译句子

1. An accident can happen anywhere.

2. My friends and I will fly kites in the park.

3. Teachers make us do homework.

4. My brother gave me a book.=My brother gave a book to me.

5. That pair of socks is cheap.