英语中共有两种语态：主动语态( active voice )和被动语态( passive voice ).　

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如：Many people speak English. (主动) →English is spoken by many people. (被动)　　

I ate the cake.(主动)→ The cake was eaten by me .(被动)

一．用法：

★   动作的执行者显而易见   

The plane is used as a training centre. 飞机被用作培训中心。

★   不知道或不必知道动作的执行者

His eye problem was cured two months ago. 他的眼疾两个月前被治愈了。

★   需要强调动作的承受者

The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved. 有眼疾的病人的生活得到了改善。

★   出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者

    The problem was talked about just now. 这个问题刚才被讨论过了。

★   如果需要指出动作的执行者，用by引出。        

Mr Wu is loved by all of his students. 吴老师受到所有学生的爱戴。

二．被动语态的结构： be done

一般现在时：am／is／are + done

一般过去时：was／were + done

一般将来时：will／shall + be done       am/is/are going to + be done

过去将来时：would +be done     was / were + be done

情态动词：can / must / should / may /could + be done

现在完成时：have／has + been done

不定式： to do 变成 to be done

三．特殊用法：

1.主谓＋双宾：这类短语含有介词to或for。如：give, send, lend,show, buy,donate, raise…　　

如：give sb sth＝give sth to sb，buy sb sth＝buy sth for sb　　

含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：

可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；

如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。

具体短语见下表：　　

主动语态　　

被动语态　　

send sb sth或send sth to sb　　

sb be sent sth或sth be sent to sb　　

show sb sth或show sth to sb　　

sb be shown sth或sth be shown to sb　　

buy sb sth或buy sth for sb　　

sb be bought sth或sth be bought for sb　　

Raise sb sth或raise sth for sb　　

sb be raised sth或sth be raised for sb　　

2. 使役动词（make/ let/ have）,感官动词（hear/ see/watch ）再加help在主动语态中动词后面不带to 的动词不定式（help也可加to）但是在被动语态中一定要把to 加上去

My mother made me do some housework yesterday.

被动：I was made to do some housework yesterday by my mother.

We saw him run into the classroom.   被动： He was seen to run into the classroom.

make sb. do sth.  被动：sb. be made to do sth.   let sb do sth 被动 ：sb be let to do sth 

have sb do sth  被动：sb be had to do sth       see sb. do sth. 被动：sb. be seen to do sth.

hear sb. do sth. 被动：sb. be heard to do sth.   Watch sb do sth 被动：sb be watched to do sth

help sb. (to) do sth. 被动：sb. be helped to do sth.

注意：see / hear/watch sb. doing sth. 被动：sb. be seen / heard/watched doing sth.

3.带有介词的动词短语中介词不能省略。 如：look after ,take care of, listen to ,operate on...,

 ①The elderly should be taken good care of .  ②Our teacher were listened to carefully .

③150patients were operated on.

四．主动形式表示被动

⒈某些连系动词：这些动词有feel, taste, smell, sound, look ,prove等。　　

①The coffee smells delicious.  ②My mother looks young. The silk dress feels smooth.

音乐听起来很优美. The music sounds beautiful.

⒉某些与副词连用的动词。如：well, easily, quickly,fast等　　

①This kind of bikes sells well. ②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.　

③The trees grows well in South China. ④ This kind of coat washes easily.

3. 动名词在need, want, require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。

need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done　　

①The flowers require watering. =The flowers require to be watered.

②Her bike needed repairing=Her bike needed to be repaired..　　　

⒋不及物动词和词组不用被动语态 

如：happen ,take place,appear(出现), run out(用玩), come out(出版) , belong to(属于)...

①A traffic accident happened just now.     ②This book came out in 2005　

5.动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。

The box is too heavy for me  to carry.　

⒍有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。

这些形容词有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous等。　　

①Goldfish are easy to look after.  ②The river is difficult to swim across.