被动语态:英语中共有两种语态：主动语态( active voice )和被动语态( passive voice ).

 

① 用法：

★   动作的执行者显而易见。    

The plane is used as a training centre.

Some new computers were stolen last night.

★   不知道或不必知道动作的执行者

His eye problem was cured two months ago.

The window was broken last week.

★   动作比执行者更重要

The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.

The homework must be finished before the school is over.

★   用by          

That book was written by Tom.

 

② 结构：

 

一般现在时：am／is／are + done

一般过去时：was／were + done

一般将来时：will／shall + be done       be going to + be done

情态动词：can / must / should / may /could + be done

现在完成时：have／has + been done

不定式： to do 变成 to be done

 

③特殊用法：

● 使役动词（make/ let/ have）或感官动词（hear/ see/ listen to / look at / find / watch / feel ）再加help在主动语态中这些动词后面不带to 的动词不定式（help也可加to）但是在被动语态中一定要把省去的不定式to 加上去

My mother made me do some housework yesterday.

被动I was made to do some housework yesterday by my mother.

We saw him run into the classroom.

被动 He was seen to run into the classroom.

make sb. do sth.  被动：sb. be made to do sth.

see sb. do sth. 被动：sb. be seen to do sth.

hear sb. do sth. 被动：sb. be heard to do sth.

help sb. (to) do sth. 被动：sb. be helped to do sth.

see / hear sb. doing sth. 被动：sb. be seen / heard doing sth.

 

want/need doing = want/need to be done  需要做某事

want/need repairing = want/need to be repaired 需要修理

● teach ,give ,pass, show, buy, tell 等动词常带有双宾语，改为被动语态是可以任选其中的一个做主语，如果是直接宾语被提前做主语，那么间接宾语（一般是指人）前要加相应的介词to / for

She gave me a pen. = She gave a pen to me.

被动 I was given a pen by her.或者A pen was given to me by her.

My father bought a cake for me.= My father bought me a cake.

被动A cake was bought for me by my father. 或 I was bought a cake by my father.

 

●  自然属性不用被动语态

The books are sold in this bookshop. They sell well.

这些书在这家书店有售,它们卖得很好.

The coat washes well. It is sold in that shop.

这件上衣很好洗,它在那家商店有卖.

The trees are grown in South China. They grow well.

这种树被种植在中国南方,它们长得很好.

The pen writes very fast.

这支钢笔写起来很顺畅

This kind of sweaters sells well.

这种毛衣很好卖

 

●不及物动词（vi.）不用被动语态。( happen , appear, disappear)

A traffic accident happened just now.

 

●连系动词（Link.v.）不用被动语态。

(be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…) 

The silk dress feels smooth.

这种丝绸裙子感觉起来很光滑.

The music sounds beautiful.

音乐听起来很优美.

The food tastes delicious.

食物尝起来很美味.

 

●有几个词组不用被动语态：run out, come out , belong to , take place, …

 

 

 

 

被 动 语 态 专 项 练 习

一、选择题

(  )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

   A.Is; built    B.Was; bulit        C.Does; build          D.Did; build

(  )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

   A.has been happened        B.was happened     C.is happened   D.happened

(  )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

   A.is grown        B.are grown            C.grows           D.grow

(  )4.So far,the moon ____ by man already.

   A.is visited        B.will be visited     C.has been visited  D.was visited

(  )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.

   A.is given          B.has been given    C.will be given        D.gives

(  )6.How many trees ____ this year?

   A.are planted    B.will plant             C.have been planted        D.planted

(  )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

   A.are doing       B.are being done     C.has been done     D.will be done

(  )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

   A.is made          B.are made              C.were made           D.made

(  )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

   A.is drawing     B.is being drawn     C.has been drawn   D.draws

(  )10.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

   A.wear out        B.worn out              C.are worn out D.is worn

(  )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

   A.isn't sent       B.hasn't been sent   C.won't be sent        D.wasn't sent

(  )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?  --Last year.

   A.did; use          B.was; used             C.is; used        D.are; used

(  )13.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

   A.knows           B.knew                    C.is known              D.was known

(  )14.I ____ in summer.

   A.born               B.was born              C.have been born    D.am born

(  )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

   A.is sent            B.would send          C.was sent               D.will be sent

(  )16.Who _____ this book _____?

   A.did; written   B.was; written by    C.did; written     D.was;written

(  )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

   A.has asked to    B.was asked to      C.is asked           D.asks to

(  )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

    A.was told us    B.was told to us    C.is told us          D.told us

(  )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

    A.jump            B.jumps          C.jumped        D.to jump

(  )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

    A.puts             B.can be put            C.can be putted       D.can put

(  )21.Older people ____ well.

    A.looks after  B.must be looked after   C.must look after   D.looked after

(  )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

    A.should be listened to   B.should be listen   C.be listened  D.is listened

二、把下列句子改写成被动语态

1.They make machines in that factory.        ________________________________________

2.Every body likes this song.         ____________________________________________

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me.        ________________________________________

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.____________________________________

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.____________________________________

6.Do the workers build many buildings?        _____________________________________

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses?        _________________________________________

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?        _____________________________________

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?__________________________________

10.How many desks do they buy every term?_____________________________________

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.______________________________

12.Cranny told us a story last night.        _________________________________________

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.__________________________________

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.____________________________________

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?________________________________________

16.When did she cook supper yesterday?        _____________________________________

17.Where did she make them?               _________________________________________

18.Whose ruler did you borrow?            _________________________________________

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick._______________________________________

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.________________________________________

21.You should take good care of her baby._______________________________________

22.You may take it back home.              _________________________________________

23.May I look after the baby at home?        _________________________________________

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?_____________________________________

25.Can you mend this radio here?        ______________________________________________

三、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days.    The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.               Silk ____  ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song.  An English song ____  ____  ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now.         It ____  _____  _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ____ ___ __ her by me last week.

6. People use metal for making machines.   Metal ____  ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him.            I ____  ____  ____ that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.     This book ___  ____  ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?     ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.  An English play __  ___  __ on in our school.

11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.

  Colour TV sets ___  ___  ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch.       His watch ____  ____  ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day.     The flowers must ___  ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things.        Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time.  The farmers ____ __  ___ ___ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday?      ____ the window ___  ____  ___  yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses.  The light green dresses ____  ___ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day.         The classroom ____  ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.  Trees ___  ___  ___  ___  in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.           A Hole ____  ____  _____ in the earth.

四、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____often _____(tell) to take care of their  desks and chairs.

2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of ?    It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.

12. Apples _________  ________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _______  _____ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes, cars and trains_____ ____ (use) by business  people for travelling.

15. The cinema ______  _____ (build) in 1985.

16. The bike ___  ____  ____  ___ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ____  ____  ___ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ______  _____(can made) by  uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ___  ___ (open) two new school.

20. The PLA ______  ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy ________(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?    Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang ____________(live) here since 1980

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.