状语从句

进门测试

1．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）This comes as no surprise,  (give) that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages, including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】given

【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：这并不奇怪，鉴于英语从300多种不同的语言中借用词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。分析可知，given that译为“鉴于，考虑到”，引导原因状语从句，故填given。

2．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）They havea special relationship with fire that they call themselves the “fire nationality”. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】such

【详解】考查限定词。句意：他们与火有着如此特殊的关系，他们称自己为“火族”。根据句中名词词组a special relationship，可知由such修饰，且such与后面的that构成结果状语从句，such…that…意为“如此……以致于……”。故填such。

3．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）On Dec 17, 2020, China’s taijiquan, or tai chi, was added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. more than two years have passed, Chen Bing is still excited about it. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】Although/Though/While

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：2020年12月17日，中国太极拳被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。虽然两年多过去了，陈兵仍然对此感到兴奋。根据“more than two years have passed”和“Chen Bing is still excited about it”可知，前后构成让步转折关系，应用从属连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；句首单词首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。

4．（23-24高二下·江苏盐城·阶段练习） burdens you are having now on your shoulders, let it down for moment if you can. Life is short, so enjoy it. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】Whatever

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你肩上有什么负担，如果可以的话，暂时放下它。人生苦短，所以要享受它。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever，首字母大写。故填Whatever。

 

一、知识脉络

二、知识精讲

一、状语从句的种类

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）No sooner had I got to Beijing  I called you. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】than

【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我一到北京就给你打了电话。No sooner...than...为固定句型，意为“一……就……”。故填than。

2．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）You had better persevere in carrying out what you think is worth doing  you have made up your mind to pursue it. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】as long as/on condition that

【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你下定决心去追求你认为值得做的事，你就最好坚持去做它，分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“只要”或“如果”，主从句构成条件关系。故填as long as或on condition that。

3．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）No sooner had she spoken  she regretted it bitterly.(用适当的词填空)

【答案】than

【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她一开口就后悔得很厉害。分析句意再根据No sooner可知，此处用固定短语：no sooner...than表示“一……就”符合语境，且本句是部分倒装句式。故填than。

 

二、状语从句的基本用法

1.时间状语从句

在句子中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。

引导时间状语从句的词有：when,while,as,before,after,until,as soon as,since,each time,next time,the

moment, immediately,instantly等。时间状语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。

(1)when,while和as

①when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，亦可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作时。

When his request was refused,he took out his French horn(号)and started to practise

当他的要求被拒绝时，他拿出他的法国小号并开始吹号。(瞬间性动词)

When our food came,I started walking towards an empty table.

当我们的食物到来时，我端着食物朝空桌走去。(瞬间性动作)

When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly.

火灾发生时，所有的学生都在熟睡。(瞬间性动词)

When I was little,Friday night was our family game night.(全国卷Ⅱ)

当我是小孩的时候，周五的夜晚是我们玩的时间。(延续性动作)

②while引导的状语从句，动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作与从句动作的对比。

My mother was preparing the meal while I was watching TV.妈妈在准备晚饭的时候，我在看电视。

③as表述两个发展变化中的情况，意为“一边……一边……”。

As he talked on,he got more and more excited他越谈越激动。

But we all have to accept that as we get older,our reactions slow down.(全国卷Ⅲ)

但是我们都不得不接受随着我们变老，我们的反应变慢。

(2)till和until

till和until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用于强调，放在句首时多用until;在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。

Nothing can be done till(until)the boss returns.老板不回来什么也做不了。

We waited till(until)they came back我们一直等到他们回来。

It was not until today that it was made public直到今天它才被公开。

(3)before

一般情况下before表示“在……之前”,有时译为“……之后才；没来得及……就……”。

It was some time before we realized the truth.过了一段时间后我们才意识到真相。

If you miss the chance,it may be years before you get another one.

如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。

(4)名词性短语the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,the hour,the day,by the time,each time,every time,next time,anytime等也可以引导时间状语从句。

The moment he reached the country,he started his research.他一到这个国家，就开始他的研究工作。

I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。

[注意](1)no sooner...than...;hardly/scarcely...when...也可表示“—就……”,

这一结构的时态搭配为：no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。

此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，其所在的主句应用倒装语序。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain我一到家天就下起雨来。

We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left我们一到火车站，火车就离开了。

(2)在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。

It is three years since the war broke out.(终止性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。

It is three years since I smoked(=since I stopped smoking).(延续性动词)我不吸烟已有三年了。

如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”,应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.(终止性动词)

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke  the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】until/till

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：要成为一名艺术家或书法专家，一个人必须一笔一画地练习直到将练习的精髓铭记于心。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“直到……”符合句意。故填until/till。

2．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）It has been 2 years we hired a cleaning lady and for some reason my husband has become very demanding toward her. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】since

【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们已经两年没有雇佣一位清洁女工了，出于某种原因，我丈夫对她要求很高。分析句子可知，设空处缺少连词引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……”应使用since。故填since。

3．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）It was a natural step to turn his skills into an opportunity to make all kinds of toys for his young grandson, and it was not long  his son and daughter-­in-­law decided to video Wang’s efforts. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】before

【详解】考查连词。句意：很自然地，他把自己的技能变成了一个机会，可以为年幼的孙子制作各种玩具。不久，他的儿子和儿媳决定把他的努力拍下来。it be not long before ...“不久……”为固定句式，为before引导的时间状语从句。故填before。

 

2.地点状语从句

在复合句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用词有：where,wherever等。

We live where the road crosses the river.我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。

He must go wherever we send him.他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。

1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）After six-and-a-half years and over 32, 000 kilometers, Maxwell’s walk ended it began. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】where

【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：经过6年半，32000多公里的跋涉，麦克斯韦的旅程终于在起点结束了。根据句意可知，此处是where引导的地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。

2．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）I didn’t see Peter enroute (在途中) but reunited back  we started, both of us sheepish but pleased. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】where

【详解】句意：我没有在途中看到彼得，但又在起点重聚，我们都很害羞，但很高兴。 此处应用where引导地点状语从句。故填where。

 

3.原因状语从句

在复合句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导原因状语从句的常用词可分为单词引导词和短语引导词两类。单词引导词主要有：because,as,since等。短语引导词主要有：now that,in that,seeing that等。

(1)because,as,since的用法区别

这三个词都有“因为”之意，但用法和具体内涵各异。

because引导的句子表示直接的、必不可少的原因，是整个句子的重点，语气最强。since as常可通用，表示已为人知的原因，其原因或理由在谈话人看来已经很明显，不需加以强调，语气比because弱一些。since可译成“既然，鉴于”,此时不可用as替换。另外，语气上，since稍强于as。

Since(As)it is raining,you'd better take a taxi.下雨了，你最好乘出租车。

Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.(全国卷Ⅲ)

很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会吃掉他们在农场养殖的牲畜或宠物。

(2)now that的用法

now that主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主、从句的因果关系不明显。常译为“既然”。that有时可以省略。

Now(that)you understand,I don't need to explain again,既然你已经明白了，我没有必要再解释一遍。

Now(that)you have grown up,you should not rely on your parents.既然你已经长大了，就不应该再依靠你的父母。

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Some Chinese prefer to live in Chinatown  it helps them keep up their language and culture, and because they can conveniently access to foods, social services and other items that they are accustomed to. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】because

【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：些中国人更喜欢住在唐人街，因为这有助于他们保持语言和文化，也因为他们可以方便地获得他们习惯的食物、社会服务和其他物品。分析句子可知，设空处后文是前文的原因，应使用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。

2．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Sanfu patch treatment was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty and has enjoyed great popularity in recent years again  more patients turn to TCM treatment. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】as/because/since

【详解】考查连词。句意：三伏贴片疗法在清代非常流行，近年来由于越来越多的患者转向中医治疗，再次受到广泛欢迎。由“more patients turn to TCM treatment”可知，句子表示“三伏贴片疗法在清代非常流行，近年来由于越来越多的患者转向中医治疗，再次受到广泛欢迎”，空格处意为“因为”，是as/because/since，引导原因状语从句，故填as/because/since。

 

4.结果状语从句

结果状语从句表示结果，通常位于主句之后。常用来引导结果状语从句的有：that,

so,so that,so...that,such...that等。

(1)so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号与主句隔开，从句里面没有表示目的的情态动词may,can,might等。

He spoke at the top of his voice,so that the students at the back heard him他说话声音很高，以便后面的学生都能听到。

(2)表示“如此……以至……”的so...that和such...that都引导结果状语从句。其中such是形容词，修饰名词；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。

具体的搭配是：so+形容词/副词+that;so+形容词(+a/an)+名词+that;

so+many/much/few/little+名词+that;such(+a/an)(+形容词)+名词+that。

He speaks so fast that no one can understand him他说话太快了，没有人能听懂。

Triggering(触发)events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.

生气的触发事件如此多以至于要完全把它们描述出需要用数百页纸。

This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice这音乐太好听了，值得再听一遍。

注意：为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly killed.他开车如此粗心，差点儿丧命。

(3)除结果状语从句外，too...to...(太……而不能……),enough to...(达到某种程度可以……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：

He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.

=He got up too late to catch the bus.他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。

1．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Food appearance really matters  a mum of three little girls from Japan has been trying to master the art of cooking to satisfy her children. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】so that

【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：食物的外观真的很重要，以至于日本一位有三个小女孩的妈妈一直试图掌握烹饪艺术来满足她的孩子。分析句子可知，设空处前后均为一个简单句，结合句意可知，后半句交代了“一位母亲钻研烹饪”的事实，以此来说明“食物外观很重要”所导致的客观结果，此处是一个结果状语从句，可用so that引导。故填so that。

2．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）She could speak such good English  many people thought she was brought up in Britain or in the United States. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：她英语说得很好，以至于很多人认为她是在英国或者美国长大的。such…that...如此……以至于。根据句意，故填that。

 

5.条件状语从句

在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。

引导条件状语从句的词有：if,unless,as/so long as,once,in case,on condition that,supposing(that),providing(that),provided(that),given(that)等。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。

If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed.(全国卷Ⅱ)

如果你已经正在找时间去锻炼，那的确很好。

One's life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.

一个人只要给其他人的生命带来价值，那么这个人的生命就有价值。

Once they were in the water,Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier(码头).

一旦他们在水中，Tim决定拉着男孩们朝码头去会更安全更快。

You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work

如果你不全身心地投入到工作中去，你不会获得成功的。

I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to hire a car.(北京卷)

度假时我随身带着我的驾驶证以防我想租车。

Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided that you promise not to tell anyone else,I'll explain the secret.

只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就把这个秘密解释给你听。

In case it rains,do not expect me.如果下雨，就不要等我了。

I will do it on condition that you help me.只要你肯帮我，我就愿意做此事。

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）He couldn’t stand it anymore and he knew  he didn’t change，he was going to die. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】if

【详解】考查连词。句意：他再也不能忍受了，他知道如果他不改变，他就会死。根据句意并分析句子可知，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。

2．（23-24高一上·江苏南京·期中）My parents are never satisfied  I do better than all my friends – in schoolwork, in hobbies, in everything! (用适当的词填空)

【答案】unless

【详解】考查连词。句意：除非我做得比我所有的朋友都好，否则我的父母永远不会满意——在功课上，在爱好上，在任何事情上！分析句子，设空处引导的是条件状语从句，表示“除非”用unless。故填unless。

 

6.目的状语从句

目的状语从句一般由so(that),in order that,for fear that引导，谓语常含may,might,

can,could,will,would等情态动词。in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，而so that往往只置于句尾(也有置于句首的情况)。

I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for the wonderful TV programmes.

我匆匆地忙完这项工作以便能够及时赶上精彩的电视节目。

Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that she could stay at home and raise her family.(浙江卷)

当她的儿子出生时，Cathy辞去了她的工作，为了能待在家里养家。

Speak louder so(that)the people in the hall can all hear you.大声点讲，以便大厅里的人都能听清。

I'm working hard for fear that I should fail.我怕失败，所以在努力工作。

I stayed all day at home in case you called.我一整天都呆在家里以防你打电话来。

1．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Parents should warn their kids not to play by the river  something terrible happens. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】in case

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：父母应该告诫他们的孩子不要在河边玩，以防不测。in case为连词，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，万一”，根据句意，空格后的句子表示目的，翻译为“以防不测”，应用in case连接状语从句。故填in case

2．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear  he should catch cold. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：她给婴儿多盖了一条毯子，以免他着凉。分析句子，设空处应该是从句的引导词。for fear that为固定搭配，意为“以免”，引导目的状语从句。故填that。

 

7.让步状语从句

让步状语从句通常由though,although,even if/though,whether...or或疑问词-ever引导。

(1)although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。

He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。

Though learning gymnastics has been more difficult for her than for some of her teammates,she has never quit.

尽管学习体操对她比对其他队友要困难，她从不放弃。

Although/Though scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still don't know.

尽管科学家们已对宇宙了解了许多，但还有很多我们仍然不知道。

Even though/if it is raining,we'll go there.(陈述语气)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。

Even if I were busy,I would go.(虚拟语气)即使我忙，也得去。

注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”,置于句末。

He said he would come;he didn't,though.他说他会来，可是没有来。

(2)as或though引导让步状语从句倒装的情况：as或though引导的从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。

Much as I like it,I won't buy it,for it's too expensive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。

Try as he might,he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到一份工作。

注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。

(3)whether...or...(不管……还是……);疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)

Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你相信与否，那是真的。

In the global economy,a new drug for cancer,wherever it is discovered,will create many economic possibilities around the world.(江苏卷)

在全球经济中，一种新的治疗癌症的药，无论在哪里被发现，这都将在全世界创造很多经济发展的可能性。

Whoever you are(=No matter who you are),you must obey the rules无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。

(4)when,while也可作从属连词表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于although。

Suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued.尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。

While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不认为这些问题不能被解决。

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them, _____________it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whether

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他意识到，不推迟自己想做的事情是很重要的，无论是修复有问题的友谊还是去进行一次冒险的假期。分析句子结构，根据上文“He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them(他意识到，不推迟自己想做的事情是很重要的)”以及下文“it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation(修复有问题的友谊还是去进行一次冒险的假期)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，使用表示让步关系的连接代词whether连接从句，表示“无论”含义，故填whether。

2．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习） we go to people who are qualified to give advice, we can’t make sure that they will know what’s right for us. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】Even if/Even though

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使我们去找那些有资格提供建议的人，我们也不能确保他们知道什么是适合我们的。分析句子可知，句子为让步状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“Even if”或“Even though”引导从句，意为“即使”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though。

3．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习） cities may appear more complicated, there are also more clues to help travellers find their ways, such as numbered streets. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】Although/Though/While

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然城市可能看起来更复杂，但也有更多的线索帮助旅行者找到他们的路，例如，街上的门牌号。分析句子可知，设空处后面为一个从句，结合句意可知，本句前后构成让步关系，可用Although、Though，或While，均是“虽然”之意，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填Although、Though或While。

 

 

8.方式状语从句

在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句，一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用的连接词或短语有：as,as if,as though,the way等。

(1)as引导方式状语从句

Do just as you like你喜欢怎么做就怎么做吧。

Leave the room as it is.请保持房间的原样。

You must do the experiment as I do.你要像我这样做实验。

You are fine just as you are.你现在这样子就好极了。

(2)as if /as though引导方式状语从句

as if和as though可以互换，是短语从属连词，引导方式状语从句时，放在主句之后。它们两个引导的状语从句用陈述语气表示可能性很大，也可用虚拟语气表示可能性很小。

It looks as if we have to go now看来咱们得走了。

He acted as if he were an idiot他行动起来像白痴一样。

Don't be nervous!You look as if you had met a ghost.别紧张!你看起来跟见了鬼似的。

It looks as if she is tired.她看上去好像累了。

1．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）If I chose to remain silent when my parents were criticizing me, they would get angrier because I was acting  I had intended to be disrespectful. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】as if/as though

【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：如果我在父母批评我的时候选择保持沉默，他们会更生气，因为我的行为就好像是我在故意不尊重他们一样。分析句子可知，设空处前后均为完整的句子，需填连词；结合句意可知，此处表示我的行为“好像”是我在故意不尊重他们一样，表示“好像、似乎”，可用as if或as though，此处为方式状语从句。故填as if/ though。

9.比较状语从句

比较状语从句由than,as...as...,not as/so....as...和“the+比较级，the+比较级”等引导。

I hope she will make as much progress as you(have done).我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。

The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.英语听得越多就越容易。

1．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier it used to be. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】than

【详解】考查比较状语从句。句意：在21世纪建造一座摩天大楼要比过去容易得多。空前使用了比较级，空后为比较状语从句，所以空处填than，故填than。

2．（22-23高二上·全国·课时练习）We’re doing everything we can to make things as easy for you  we can. （用适当的词填空）

【答案】as

【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们正在尽我们所能使事情对你来说变得尽可能简单。as…as sb. can“尽某人所能……”，固定搭配。故填as。

 

三、解题方法

判断状语从句时，首先要判断主句与从句之间的逻辑关系，其次是引导词在从句中的句法功能。状语从句的考查重点在引导词上，考生要注意区分某些近义，近似引导词及句式的用法。同时，也要注意状语从句的省略现象。

例：You willpass the exam _________you work hard

解析句意：如果你努力学习的话，你会通过考试的。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导条件状语从句，所以应填引导词if。

例：Everyone wantingto be successful has to build confidence and continue practicing_____they reach a goal

解析句意：每个想要成功的人都必须树立信心，不断练习，直到达到目标。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……”,所以应用until/till引导从句。答案until/till

 

 

真题回顾

一、单项选择

1．（2024·天津南开·一模）I can’t go to the party tonight, ________ I have to work late.

A．even though       B．as if                       C．in that                    D．ever since

【答案】C

【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：我今晚不能去参加聚会，因为我得工作到很晚。A. even though尽管；B. as if好像；C. in that因为；D. ever since从那以后。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因为”，故用in that，引导原因状语从句。故选C。

2．（2024·天津·一模）I’ll see you at the theater  you call me to say you’re not coming.

A．because             B．unless                    C．since                      D．if

【答案】B

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，否则我们剧院见。A. because因为；B. unless除非；C. since自从；D. if如果。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故选B。

3．（2023·山东·一模）Mount Tai is  attraction that thousands of people pour in every year.

A．so a famous                                          B．a so famous

C．such famous a                                       D．such a famous

【答案】D

【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：泰山是如此著名的景点，每年都有成千上万的人涌入。“某物是如此……的……，以至于……”的表达方式是“so+形容词+a/an+名词+that...”或“such+a/an+形容词+名词+that...”，是结果状语从句，因此正确的答案是such a famous，故选D。

4．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）______the council has provided places for us to take our empty bottles for recycling, many of us still throw glass bottles into the ordinary dustbins.

A．However           B．Even though           C．On account of         D．Despite

【答案】B

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管委员会为我们提供了回收空瓶子的地方，但我们中的许多人仍然把玻璃瓶扔进了普通的垃圾箱。A. However然而；B. Even though即使，尽管；C. On account of由于；D. Despite不管。分析句子可知，空处应用连词even though“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选B。

5．（2024·山东·一模）—She is highly skilled at dealing with difficulties.

—__________ she’s had special training, see?

A．Because             B．Because of              C．As if                      D．As long as

【答案】A

【详解】考查连词和介词辨析。句意：——她非常善于处理困难。——因为她受过特殊训练，明白吗？A. Because因为；B. Because of因为；C. As if好像；D. As long as只要；根据语境和后文“see?”可知，此处说明“她善于处理困难的原因”，because of是介词短语，不接从句。故选A项。

6．（2023·湖南株洲·模拟预测）—What do you think of your junior high school life?

—I think it is enjoyable,  _________ I sometimes have some trouble in study.

A．if                      B．though                   C．while                     D．until

【答案】B

【详解】考查连词。句意：——你认为你的初中生活怎么样？——我认为很愉快，尽管有时我在学习上有些困难。A. if如果；B. though尽管；C. while当……的时候；D. until直到……。根据空后的“I sometimes have some trouble in study.(我在学习上有些困难)”和前面的“enjoyable(愉快)”为转折关系，应用though，引导让步状语从句，故选B

7．（2023·天津·二模）________ the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight in 1903.

A．When                B．Since                     C．If                           D．While

【答案】D

【详解】考查状语从句。句意：尽管18世纪，蒙哥菲兄弟乘气球飞行，但直到1903年动力飞机发明，空中旅行才成为现实。A. When当……时候B. Since既然；C. If如果；D. While虽然，尽管。结合句意可知，句子为转折让步关系，应用while引导的让步状语从句。故选D。

8．（23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）________ gardening may be hard physical work, those who are keen on it find it very relaxing mentally.

A．As                    B．Unless                    C．While                     D．Now that

【答案】C

【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然园艺可能是艰苦的体力劳动，但那些热衷于它的人会发现它非常放松精神。A. As随着，因为，由于；B. Unless除非；C. While虽然；当……时候；D. Now that既然。前句“园艺可能是艰苦的体力劳动”与后句“那些热衷于它的人会发现它非常放松精神。”之间为让步转折关系。故选C。

9．（23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）Jack was on the point of leaving ________ he noticed a man coming out of the room.

A．when                B．while                     C．after                       D．before

【答案】A

【详解】考查连词。句意：杰克正要离开，这时他注意到一个人正从房间里走出来。A. when在…时候；当…时；在…期间；B. while当……时候；与……同时；C. after在……之后；D.  before在……之前。此处表示的时“杰克要离开的时候，突然他注意到一个人正从房间里走出来”，when引导的时间状语从句，有表示“突然……”，“这时”之意，while当……时候后加的是持续性动词。故选A。

10．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）______ he sees me, he gives me a friendly smile, which makes me comfortable.

A．However          B．Whenever               C．Whatever                D．Whichever

【答案】B

【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论何时他看到我，他都给我一个友好的微笑，这使我感到舒服。结合选项可知，空处引导让步状语从句，根据“he sees me”可知，从句主干成分完整，缺少时间状语，空处需表达“无论何时”，应用Whenever。故选B。

11．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Don’t ask other people’s advice ______ you intend to act on it.

A．if                    B．unless                    C．or                          D．although

【答案】B

【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你打算采取行动，否则不要征求别人的意见。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. or或者；D. although虽然。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故选B。

12．（23-24高三上·山东·阶段练习）—We should do what we can do ________ our society can become more peaceful.

—I agree with you.

A．so as that          B．in order to              C．so that                    D．so as to

【答案】C

【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：——我们应该尽我们所能，使我们的社会变得更加和平。——我同意你的看法。our society can become more peaceful为从句，所以应用so that引导目的状语从句表示“以便”。没有so as that这种用法。in order to do和so as to do意为“为了做某事”，不能引导从句。故选C。

 

二、完形填空

（2024·上海黄浦·二模）My father decided to start learning French when he was 57. On the surface, his retirement hobby seems a little random — our family has no connection to French-speaking countries — but his    13    ran deeper than a passion for cakes. My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症) in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual, that is, being able to speak two languages equally well, can    14    the start of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that    15    benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.

Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially    16    though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is    17    working,” said Mark Antoniou, a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.

The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how    18    you speak it. The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to    19    your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive    20   . That process is called cognitive inhibition. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes stronger to the    21    caused by diseases like dementia. The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to    22   .

However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your 60s is    23   . Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well. Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no    24    in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.

The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential    25   . One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any    26   . Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their    27    and frequency. Some studies taught participants for eight months, others for just one very intense week.

13．A．affection         B．contribution            C．motivation              D．struggle

14．A．delay              B．prevent                  C．signal                     D．stimulate

15．A．additional        B．educational             C．lasting                    D．potential

16．A．beneficial        B．common                 C．impractical             D．rare

17．A．carelessly        B．constantly               C．creatively               D．delicately

18．A．long                B．often                      C．soon                       D．well

19．A．command        B．practice                  C．restrict                   D．spread

20．A．function          B．psychology             C．system                    D．training

21．A．damages          B．operations              C．pains                      D．signs

22．A．decline            B．improve                 C．matter                    D．restore

23．A．available         B．mounting               C．stronger                  D．weaker

24．A．difference        B．involvement           C．point                      D．reduction

25．A．applications     B．explanations           C．findings                  D．suggestions

26．A．diversities        B．improvements         C．outcomes                D．possibilities

27．A．content            B．intention                C．length                    D．requirement

【答案】

13．C    14．A    15．D    16．A    17．B    18．B    19．C    20．D    21．A    22．A    23．D    24．A    25．B    26．B    27．C

 

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症发病时间推迟至多5年，由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。

13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从表面上看，他的退休爱好似乎有点随意——我们家与法语国家没有任何联系——但他的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。A. affection喜爱；B. contribution贡献；C. motivation动机；D. struggle努力。根据上文“My father decided to start learning French when he was 57.(我父亲在57岁时决定开始学习法语)”可知，此处指父亲学习法语的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。故选C。

14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母在70岁出头时出现了阿尔茨海默氏症的迹象，研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。A. delay推迟；B. prevent阻止；C. signal示意；D. stimulate激励。根据后文“benefit, many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood”可知，此处指研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。故选A。

15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。A. additional附加的；B. educational教育的；C. lasting持久的；D. potential潜在的。结合上文提到研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症的发病时间推迟至多5年，所以是潜在的好处，故选D。

16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。A. beneficial有益的；B. common共同的；C. impractical不明智的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity.(许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼)”提到了许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼，而专家表示经常说多种语言可能特别有益。故选A。

17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：西悉尼大学专门研究双语的教授马克·安东尼奥说：“我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。”A. carelessly马虎地；B. constantly不断地；C. creatively创造性地；D. delicately微妙地。根据上文“We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is”指会说双语的大脑一直在工作。故选B。

18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。A. long长地；B. often经常；C. soon很快；D. well好地。根据上文“regularly speaking”可知，学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。故选B。

19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：认知上的好处是必须限制你的母语，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫这样做。A. command命令；B. practice练习；C. restrict限制；D. spread传播。根据后文“your mother tongue, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language”可知，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫限制说你的母语。故选C。

20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。A. function功能；B. psychology心理学；C. system系统；D. training训练。根据上文“if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive”可知，如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。故选D。

21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，通过改善这些类型的过程，大脑会变得更强大，以抵御痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。A. damages破坏；B. operations运作；C. pains痛苦；D. signs迹象。根据后文“caused by diseases like dementia”指痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。故选A。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种想法认为，你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。A. decline下降；B. improve改善；C. matter重要；D. restore恢复。根据后文“The stronger your mental power, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to”中even if表示让步，可知你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。故选A。

23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。A. available可用的；B. mounting上升的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. weaker较弱的。根据后文“Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults 60 and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like Sudoku did as well.(安东尼奥博士及其同事的研究发现，虽然60岁及以上的中国成年人在接受了六个月的语言学习项目后，在认知测试中有所提高，但玩数独等游戏的人也有同样的表现)”可知，研究表明对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。故选D。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近关于这个话题的两项研究发现，参加语言学习项目后，人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。A. difference差异；B. involvement参与；C. point要点；D. reduction减少。上文提到对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显，即人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。故选A。

25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：进行这些研究的科学家提供了一些可能的解释。A. applications应用；B. explanations解释；C. findings发现；D. suggestions建议。后文“Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”主要给出了这一现象的两种解释。故选B。

26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一是参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。A. diversities多样性；B. improvements改善；C. outcomes结果；D. possibilities可能性。根据上文“the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age”可知，参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。故选B。

27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：调查这个问题的少数研究使用了在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。A. content内容；B. intention意图；C. length长度；D. requirement要求。根据上文“Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”可知，此处指使用在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。故选C。

 

三、语法填空

（2024·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Putian wood carving, one of the four well-known     28     (category) of the art of Chinese wood carving, originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties.     29     (serve) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item in China, it is a traditional folk carving technique of southeast China’s Fujian Province.

Zheng Chunhui, Lin Jianjun and Chen Yushu are three     30     (exception) representatives of wood carving masters. Zheng is a provincial-level inheritor (继承人) of the wood carving art,     31     not only excels in traditional wood carving technique,     32     expresses his love for his family and nation through his works. To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique wood carving gallery, which is the     33     (one) in Putian run by an individual and free to the public. The delicately made wood carving works by Lin     34     (shine) at a BRICS summit (峰会) several years ago, and meanwhile, the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces that are made by Chen     35     (show) at many international exhibitions over the past few years.

Putian city is home     36     over 2,600 wood carving companies, and the wood carving works      37      (create) there were sold to more than 20 countries and regions around the world last year.

【答案】

28．categories    29．Serving    30．exceptional    31．who    32．but    33．first    34．shone    35．have been shown    36．to    37．created

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莆田木雕以及其代表人物。

28．考查名词。句意：莆田木雕是中国木雕艺术四大知名门类之一，起源于唐宋时期。category为可数名词，four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填categories。

29．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是中国国家非物质文化遗产，是中国东南部福建省的一种传统民间雕刻技术。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，it和serve为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Serving。

30．考查形容词。句意：郑春辉、林建军、陈玉树是木雕大师的三位杰出代表。修饰名词representatives需用形容词exceptional，作定语。故填exceptional。

31．考查定语从句。句意：郑是省级木雕艺术的传承人，他不仅擅长传统的木雕技术，而且通过他的作品表达了他对家庭和民族的爱。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词inheritor，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。

32．考查连词。句意同上。not only…but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……，而且……”。故填but。

33．考查序数词。句意：为了推广木雕艺术，郑开设了一个独特的木雕画廊，这是莆田第一个由个人经营并免费向公众开放的画廊。定冠词the修饰序数词，空处需填序数词first。故填first。

34．考查动词时态。句意：几年前，林的精致木雕作品在金砖国家峰会上大出风头，与此同时，陈制作的中国风格的古董家具在过去几年里也在许多国际展览上展出。根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填shone。

35．考查动词时态语态。句意同上。根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces和show为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been shown。

36．考查介词。句意：莆田市有2600多家木雕企业，去年创作的木雕作品销往世界20多个国家和地区。be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的所在地”。故填to。

37．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the wood carving works，create和the wood carving works为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填created。

 

四、阅读理解

（2024·四川·模拟预测）Feeling worthless can make you feel upset, and it could be difficult for you to function normally in your day-to-day activities. You may feel demotivated and can’t pursue your goals if you feel like your efforts don’t make a difference. Here are some tips on how to deal with it.

Accept your situation

    38    . You might think that there is no way out and that this feeling will last forever. However, you should face the feeling head-on and acknowledge that it exists and that you need to accept it. Thus you will find hope again to live a happier life for the sake of your emotional health.

    39   

Pay attention to your thoughts when you’re feeling low. You may find that the key to being happier and more confident is as simple as changing your thoughts. Paying attention to your thoughts may not be easy at first but you will master this skill and boost your self-confidence with time and practice.     40    .

Empower yourself

Feeling worthless is usually a result of the way you perceive yourself after life has thrown you difficulties that lower your self-esteem and raise your anxiety.     41    . Rid yourself of the negativity that prevents you from reaching your full potential and work towards remaining calm and balancing your emotions.

Do positive self-talk

Whenever you feel worthless, you always practice negative thinking. Try as much as possible to focus on being positive and engage in positive self-talk.     42    . For example, if you’re going through a challenge in your life, try and see it as an opportunity to learn from it, which will make you better off once you come out on the other side.

A．Focus on what makes you unique

B．Pay attention when you’re feeling low

C．Feeling worthless may be brought about by a mental health condition

D．Figure out what you’re going to do to get out of your current situation

E．So be mindful of your thoughts and take the necessary steps to stay happy

F．If you’re feeling worthless, it can be hard to see the light at the end of the tunnel

G．Whenever negative thoughts arise, find ways to make them have a more positive outcome

【答案】38．F    39．B    40．E    41．D    42．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何停止觉得自己一文不值。

38．该段主要讲述要“Accept your situation(接受你的处境)”可知本段表示应接受自己处境，下文“You might think that there is no way out and that this feeling will last forever.(你可能会认为没有出路，这种感觉会永远持续下去)”可知，空处表示自己的一种负面感受，F选项“如果你觉得自己毫无价值，就很难看到隧道尽头的光明”符合上下文逻辑关系。故选F。

39．根据后文“Pay attention to your thoughts when you’re feeling low. You may find that the key to being happier and more confident is as simple as changing your thoughts. Paying attention to your thoughts may not be easy at first but you will master this skill and boost your self-confidence with time and practice.(当你情绪低落的时候，注意你的想法。你可能会发现，变得更快乐、更自信的关键就像改变你的想法一样简单。一开始注意自己的想法可能并不容易，但随着时间的推移和练习，你会掌握这项技能，并增强你的自信)”可知，该段给出的建议是注意自己情绪低落的时候，B选项“情绪低落时要注意”符合语境。故选B。

40．根据上文“Pay attention to your thoughts when you’re feeling low. You may find that the key to being happier and more confident is as simple as changing your thoughts. Paying attention to your thoughts may not be easy at first but you will master this skill and boost your self-confidence with time and practice.(当你情绪低落的时候，注意你的想法。你可能会发现，变得更快乐、更自信的关键就像改变你的想法一样简单。一开始注意自己的想法可能并不容易，但随着时间的推移和练习，你会掌握这项技能，并增强你的自信)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，对上文进行总结升华，E选项“注意你的想法，采取必要的步骤保持快乐”符合语境。故选E。

41．根据上文“Feeling worthless is usually a result of the way you perceive yourself after life has thrown you difficulties that lower your self-esteem and raise your anxiety.(感觉毫无价值通常是在生活给你带来困难后，你看待自己的方式的结果，这些困难降低了你的自尊，增加了你的焦虑)”，下文“Rid yourself of the negativity that prevents you from reaching your full potential and work towards remaining calm and balancing your emotions.(摆脱那些阻碍你充分发挥潜力的消极情绪，努力保持冷静和平衡情绪)”表示要摆脱这种情绪，可知，空处承上启下，说明如何应该如何摆脱焦虑。D选项“想想你要做什么才能摆脱目前的状况”符合语境。故选D。

42．根据上文“Whenever you feel worthless, you always practice negative thinking. Try as much as possible to focus on being positive and engage in positive self-talk.( 每当你觉得自己毫无价值的时候，你总是在练习消极的想法。尽量把注意力集中在积极的一面上，进行积极的自我对话)”以及后文“For example, if you’re going through a challenge in your life, try and see it as an opportunity to learn from it, which will make you better off once you come out on the other side.(例如，如果你正在经历生活中的挑战，试着把它看作一个从中学习的机会，一旦你走出困境，你会变得更好)”可知，后文的例子提到把挑战看做学习的机会，说明把消极的东西进行转化。G选项“每当那些消极的想法进入你的脑海时，试着找到方法让它们产生更积极的结果”符合语境。故选G。