名词性从句

进门测试

1．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）I’m not certain  happened afterwards, but for that brief period, we two vastly different species connected, bridging  the gap between us through songs. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】what

【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我不确定后来发生了什么，但在那短暂的一段时间里，我们两个截然不同的物种联系在了一起，通过歌声拉近了我们之间的距离。此处为宾语从句，从句缺主语，应用what引导，指代“发生的事情”。故填what。

2．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）So about the age of Western women, my advice is  if you don’t know it, don’t ask about it; if you really know it, don’t mention it. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：所以关于西方女性的年龄，我的建议是，如果你不知道，就不要问；如果你真的知道，就别提了。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导表语从句，故填that。

3．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）A school-home is exactly  it sounds like. We get the homeless off the street, and we educate them so they don’t have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】what

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句like是介词，缺少宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导表语从句，故填what。

4．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing can be seen as a good example of young people have embraced China Chic. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】how

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人接受中国风的一个很好的例子。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人是如何接受中国风的一个很好的例子”，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。

5．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Additionally, you should not ignore the other person’s body language, which will give you clues as to  the conversation is going well or not. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whether

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，这将给你提供谈话是否进行顺利的线索。分析句子可知，设空处连接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，缺少是否的含义，并且接在介词后，应用连接词whether。故填whether。

一、知识脉络

二、知识精讲

一、宾语从句

在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句(Object Clause)。

宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词that,whether,if等；

连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等；

连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever等。

1.宾语从句的连接词

①He told me that he would go to college他告诉我他要上大学。

②Jenny asked me whether/if I had returnedthe bike to its owner.詹尼问我是否已经把自行车还给了它的主人。

③Bill wanted to know who did this.比尔想知道是谁做了这件事。

④He didn't tell me when we wouldmeet.他没告诉我我们何时见面。

⑤Could you show me how I can get tothe zoo?你能给我指一下怎样去动物园怎样吗?

1．（2024·天津河东·一模）They always give the available seats to ______comes first. After all, the early bird catches the worm.

A．whoever            B．whom                    C．that                        D．one

【答案】A

【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：他们总是把现有的座位让给先来的人。毕竟，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句。从句缺少主语，指人，且表示“无论谁”，所以用whoever引导。故选A。

2．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened?

A．in on what         B．in that                    C．with which             D．on what

【答案】A

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能告诉我发生了什么吗？fill sb. in on sth.为固定短语，表示“告诉某人某事件的细节”，设空处应用连接代词what (什么)引导的宾语从句，在从句中作主语，故选A项。

 

2.动词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句。

①We should keep in mind that therearen't any short cuts tolearning.我们应当牢记，学习是没有任何捷径的。

②From them,the West learns what isuniquely Chinese,for example,fengshui.

从他们身上，西方人学会中国独特的东西，比如“风水”。

③When I walked on the street,I wantedto say how clean the streets were当我走在街上，我想说街道是多么干净啊。

(2)动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法：

（23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试）—Sally, I want to know___________.

—My teachers. It’s impossible for me to get such great success without their help.

A．why do you work so hard                      B．what did you improve in your schoolwork

C．who you want to thank most                  D．how you make such great progress

【答案】C

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——莎莉，我想知道你最想感谢谁。——我的老师。没有他们的帮助，我不可能取得如此巨大的成功。分析句子可知，空处为宾语从句，用陈述语序，AB为疑问句语序，根据My teachers.可知，此处提问人物是谁，C意思为：你最想感谢谁。故选C项。

4．（2024·天津河北·一模）Practising Tai Chi has taught me ________ it means to truly relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations.

A．that                   B．what                      C．why                       D．how

【答案】B

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：练习太极教会了我什么是真正的放松，使我在紧张的情况下保持冷静。分析可知，设空处引导宾语从句，作means的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导，故选B。

 

3.介词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。

①He'll talk to us about what happenedin the classroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生的事情。

②Contrary to what many people think,HIV cannot betransmitted through mosquitoes,coughs or sneezes.

与许多人的想法相反，艾滋病病毒不能通过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。

(2)in,but,except等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因为，but that要不是，except that除了。

①Thehigh income tax isharmful in thatit may discourage peoplefrom trying to earnmore.个人所得税高是有害的，因为它可能会阻止人们努力赚取更多的钱。

②He would have failed but that youhelped him.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。

③I know nothing about him except thathe liveshere除了知道他住在这儿之外，我对他一无所知。

3．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）What’s more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and ________ can, and must be done to protect the reef.

A．what                 B．how                       C．which                     D．that

【答案】A

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：更重要的是，他们开始了解环境所存在的微妙平衡，以及为了保护珊瑚礁可以而且必须做的事情。分析句子结构可知，连词and后接连接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故选A。

5．（23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试）The failing launch of the satellite was far beyond ________ we had expected, ________ was a big blow to every one of us.

A．that; that           B．which; it                C．what; which            D．as; that

【答案】C

【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：卫星发射失败远远超出了我们的预期，这对我们每个人都是一个很大的打击。分析句子可知，第一空引导名词性从句作介词beyond的宾语，宾语从句中expected缺少宾语，且宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子作补充说明，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选C。

4.形容词后接宾语从句的用法

(1)表示情感或态度的形容词(如：afraid,certain,glad,pleased,sure,surprised,sorry,happy等)后可接宾语从句。

I'm very pleased thatall of your familywillcome我很高兴你们全家人都来了。

(2)sure后宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if的选择。

当be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that;当be sure用于否定句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。

①Are you sure that I won't bother you ifI sit beside you?你确定我坐在你旁边不会打扰你吗?

②I am not sure whether I should writeto him or not我不确定要不要给他写信。

 

二、主语从句

在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句(Subject Clause)。

引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：

从属连词：that,whether,if;

连接代词：what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；

连接副词：when,where,why,how.

1.主语从句的连接词

(1)that引导的主语从句

that引导的从句作主语时，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省去，且常用it作形式主语。

①Thatthe college will take in more newstudentsis true.=It is true that the collegewill take in morenew students.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。

②How strange it is that the studentsare soquiet in the classroom!学生们在教室里如此安静，真奇怪!

(2)whether/if引导的主语从句

whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。whether/if起连接作用，意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分。

①Whether we will go there tomorrowdepends on the weather.我们明天是否会去那里取决于天气。

②It's doubtful if/whether this paintingis a Picasso.这幅画是否是毕加索画的还无法确定。

(3)wh-类连接代词引导的主语从句

引导主语从句的wh-类连接代词包括：who,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

①What surprised us most was thebeautiful scenes there.最让我们惊讶的是那里的美景。

②Whichever of you gets there first willget the prize.你们谁第一个到达那里，谁就能得到这个奖品。

(4)连接副词引导的主语从句

引导主语从句的连接副词包括when,where,how,why。连接副词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。

①Where I will spend my summer vacation is still uncertain.我还没有确定去哪里度暑假。

②Howacupuncture reduces and relievespain is still unclear.针灸是如何减轻疼痛的还不清楚。

（23-24高三上·天津·开学考试）________ he lied about his academic background at the interview really surprised us after the truth came out.

A．That                  B．What                     C．Whether                 D．When

【答案】A

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他在面试时谎报了学历，这在真相大白后，着实让我们大吃一惊。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，也不缺任何含义，应用从属连词that。故选A项。

（2024·天津·一模）I have seen the film and I think  impresses me most is the plot about family and love.

A．that                   B．where                    C．what                      D．which

【答案】C

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我看过这部电影，我认为给我印象最深的是关于家庭和爱情的情节。在think后的宾语从句中，“impresses me most”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“我认为给我印象最深的是关于家庭和爱情的情节”，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，故选C。

（2023·天津·二模）In my opinion, ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

A．whether             B．that                        C．which                     D．what

【答案】D

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在我看来，让这本书出色的地方是作者富有创造力的想象。is之前为主语从句，主语从句中缺主语，指的是事物，用what，故选D。

 

[注意]

1.如何判断形式主语it是否代替主语从句?

解题时可用“还原法”,即把从句调到句首，去掉句首的It,再加上句子剩余成分。如果新句子意思不变，合乎逻辑，则该从句为主语从句，否则为其他从句或结构。如：

It's nosurprise that our team has won thegame.我们队赢了这场比赛并不奇怪。

按“还原法”该句可改为：That our team haswon the game is no surprise.改后新句子意思不变、通顺且合乎逻辑，故可判断原句中It作形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。

2.从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题

(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

That they arenot going to the cinema is abig surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。

(2)what引导的从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。

①What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。

②What we need are books.我们所需要的是书籍。

3.要做对考查主语从句的题要从以下方面着手：

(1)看主语从句里缺少什么成分就补什么成分，如不缺少成分用that,whether,if(that无意义，whether/if可译为“是否”);缺少主语、宾语、表语，常用what,who,which,whom等；缺少地点状语用where,缺少时间状语用when,缺少原因状语用why,缺少方式状语用how等，即要看从句的意思是否完整，根据“缺啥补啥，啥都不缺用that”的原则选用连词。

(2)巧记主语从句的用法：

整句作主语，其后单谓语。

莫忘加连词，that不略但无义。

“是否”前置用whether,其他连词靠翻译。

主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替。

1．（23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试）________ wants to have a meal in this restaurant has to pay their own way.

A．Anyone             B．Those                     C．Whoever                D．Who

【答案】C

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁想在这家餐馆吃饭，就得自己付钱。A. Anyone任何人；B. Those那些人；C. Whoever任何人；D. Who谁。空格处引导的是主语从句，由has to pay their own way可知，句子表示“谁想在这家餐馆吃饭，就得自己付钱”，空格处意为“任何人”，用whoever引导主语从句，anyone不能用来引导主语从句，whoever=anyone who，故选C。

3．（22-23高三下·天津红桥·开学考试）________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports, draws many students to our school.

A．It                      B．Which                    C．What                      D．As

【答案】C

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，优秀的学术氛围，以及各种节日和体育活动，吸引了很多学生来我们学校。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故选C。

5．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末） others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof that  other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.

A．Inspiring; that    B．Inspired; what         C．Inspiring; what        D．Inspired; that

【答案】C

【详解】考查非谓语动词和主语从句。句意：斯蒂芬·库里激励着别人相信自己，他是一个活生生的例子，证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。第一空inspire与逻辑主语构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；第二空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物应用what引导。故选C。

6．（2024·山东·一模）—__________he will want to do is nothing.

—Really? It may sometimes become quite a problem.

A．That                  B．Whether                 C．How                      D．What

【答案】D

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：——他什么也不想做。——真的？有时这可能会成为一个相当大的问题。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语，意为“做的事情”。故选D项。

7．（23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream.

A．As                    B．Which                    C．That                       D．What

【答案】D

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我认为，往往的情况是，当回首往事时，苦乐参半的老年生活总是人们追求梦想的亮点。分析句子结构可知，I assume是插入语，“________is often the case”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what引导主语从句，故选D。

 

三、表语从句

在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句(Predicative Clause)。

引导表语从句的连接词主要有：

从属连词that,whether;

连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等；

连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever等。

此外，表语从句还可用because和as if/asthough等引导。

（2024·天津南开·一模）It seemed that Jim had become ________ his parents had wanted him to be.

A．whether             B．where                    C．what                      D．when

【答案】C

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：看来吉姆已经成为了他父母希望他成为的人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，应用what引导。故选C。

（2024·山东泰安·一模）The question is ________ the film is worth seeing.

A．where               B．that                        C．whether                  D．what

【答案】C

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是这部电影是否值得一看。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少“是否”含义，应用whether引导。故选C。

1.表语从句的特殊连接词

(1)that/what。that引导表语从句时，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，没有任何意义，通常不可省略；what引导表语从句时既起连接作用，又作从句的句子成分。

①Our plan is that we'll go there once aweek我们的计划是一周去那里一次。

②That's what he said.那就是他说的话。

(2)whether。引导表语从句时，一般只能用whether而不能用if。

The question is whether they have signedthe contract问题是他们是否已经签了合同。

(3)as if/as though。

as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”,其引导的表语从句常位于系动词(seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。

①I felt as ifwe had known each other foryears.我感觉好像我们已经互相认识多年了。

②She looks as if she has been workinghard for a long time.她看起来好像已经努力工作了很长时间。

（20-21高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage,the truth isall have suffered at least some harm from centuries of rain,war,fire and theft. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：尽管有一些墓穴没有受到什么破坏，但事实是，这些墓穴都受到了至少几个世纪以来的雨水、战争、火灾和盗窃的侵害。分析句子结构可知，the truth is 后连接一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意也完整，因此表语从句用连接词 that 引导。故填 that 。

 

2.表语从句的三个易混句式

 

（2023·天津河北·二模）One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was________it was based on his own life.

A．what                 B．how                       C．that                        D．whether

【答案】C

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用连接词that引导该从句。One reason is that…/one of the reason is that…/ The reason is that…为固定句型，意为“一个原因是……；原因之一是……；原因是……”。故选C项。

（2024·天津·一模）In Chinese culture white represents purity, which is ______ a bride wears a beautiful white gown on her wedding day.

A．that                   B．what                      C．why                       D．how

【答案】C

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在中国文化中，白色代表纯洁，这就是为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，用连接词副词引导，根据句意，表达“为什么新娘在婚礼上穿着美丽的白色礼服”之意，用why引导。故选C项。

 

四、同位语从句

在句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。

同位语从句一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面，对名词作进一步的解释。引导同位语从句的词有that,which,what,whether,how,when,where等。

1.同位语从句的连接词

1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I don’t have the slightest idea

 she will accept it. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whether

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我有发送格林小姐邀请我们的聚会，但是我一点都不知道她是否会接受它。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的同位语从句对idea解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，所以此处使用whether。故填whether。

2．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）You love your parents for the fact  they created you, raised you and are part of a source of who you are. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你爱父母处于这样的事实：他们生了你，养育了你，是你生命源头的一部分。分析句子结构，这是一个包含同位语从句的复合句，先行词为：fact，因从句结构完整且句意完整，使用连接代词that连接同位语从句，故填that。

3．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Word came  the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息说学生们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时他们不忙。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的同位语从句，对word意为“消息”解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。

4．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）My question  I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】how

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我如何与他保持联系的问题还没有得到答复。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句解释说明抽象名词question的具体内容，结合“I shall get in touch with him”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。

5．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Despite the fact  a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：尽管事实是天井的尺寸和设计因地区而异，但它几乎总是矩形的，位于房屋的核心。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对前面的抽象名词fact进行解释和说明，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。

 

2.分隔式同位语从句

有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”,常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。

①My wish will come true one daythat Ishould buy a big house for my parents.我要给父母买一套大房子的愿望终有一天会实现的。

②It was a“Dear John”(绝交信)thattold the receiver,Michael,that the writercould not see him anymore because hismotherforbade it.

这是一封给收信人Michael的绝交信，表明写信人因为母亲的禁止而不能再见Michael。

[注意]

解答考查同位语从句的题目时，一定要先找出从句解释说明的那个名词，然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词：

1.从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导，此时要注意that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。

2.从句成分完整，但意思不完整，表示“是否”之意时用whether,切记此时不能用if代替whether。

3.从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。

4.从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时，则分别用连接副词where,when,how,why。

五、名词性从句应注意的几个问题

1.that与what的区别

that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成分。连接词that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。但在非正式英语中，当that引导的名词性从句作宾语或表语时，that可以省略。what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语等，不能省略。

That hestole a bike was true.他偷了一辆自行车的事是真的。

The important thing is what you do,but notwhatyou say.重要的事是你做什么而不是你说什么。

2.在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义

The problem is what he has done to thelittle boy.问题是他对这个小男孩做了些什么。

3.whether和if的用法

(1)whether和if均可引导宾语从句，常可互换。但从句作介词以及discuss的宾语时，宾语从句中只能用whether连接。

He asked me if/whether I could attendthe meeting.他问我是否能参加这个会议。

They are discussing whether they willcome back他们正在讨论他们是否会回来。

(2)在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只用whether连接，不用if。

Whetherthe meeting willbe put off has notbeen decided yet.会议是否被推迟还未决定。

The question is whether they have somuch money.问题是他们是否有如此多的钱。

We ought to discuss carefully the questionwhether we can do it or not.

我们应该仔细讨论这个问题：我们能否做这件事。

(3)与or not连用时用whether不用if。I don't care whether or not he comes.我不在乎他是否来。

(4)whether可引导一个让步状语从句，而if不能。

Whether he comes or not,we will begin ourparty on time.不管他是否来，我们都将按时开始我们的晚会。

4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

（全国·课后作业）判断下列句中含有哪种从句

1．There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.  

2．The report that will be given tomorrow is important to us.  

3．The thought came to her that maybe she left the door open when she left home.  

4．His father works in a factory that makes radio parts.  

【答案】1．同位语从句    2．定语从句    3．同位语从句    4．定语从句

【详解】1.考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，张伟会信守诺言。分析句子可知，that引导的从句部分that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.句子结构完整，且that引导的从句对名词doubt(怀疑)的内容进行解释说明，为同位语从句。故填：同位语从句。

2.考查定语从句。句意：明天要做的报告对我们很重要。分析句子可知，that will be given tomorrow为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词report，关系代词that代指先行词report，作从句中的主语成分。故填：定语从句。

3.考查同位语从句。句意：她突然想到，也许她离开家的时候没把门关上。分析句子可知，that引导的从句部分that maybe she left the door open when she left home.结构完整，that引导的从句对thought的内容进行解释说明，为同位语从句。故填：同位语从句。

4.考查定语从句。句意：他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂工作。分析句子可知，that makes radio parts.为限制性定语从句部分，修饰先行词factory，关系代词that代指先行词factory，作从句中的主语成分。故填：定语从句。

 

5.以 what 或 wh-ever 等引导的名词性从句

 

三、解题方法

1.位置判断法

根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连接词的种类。

例：_________hesaid astonished us

解析句意：他所说的话使我们很惊奇。分析句子结构可知，astonished前是一个主语从句。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作动词said的宾语。根据句意可知，引导词应用what。

答案What

例：Job seekers haveto understand that interviewers want to find some way to know__________makes anapplicant different from others.

解析句意：求职者必须明白，面试官想要找到一些方法来了解求职者与其他人的不同之处。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”,所以应用what引导从句。

答案what

例:Heexpressed thehope __________he would come to China again.

解析句意：他表达了要再次来中国的愿望。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导的从句在抽象名词hope之后作同位语，对其进行解释说明。从句句意完整且不缺少任何成分，所以应用that引导。

答案that

2.成分分析法

看从句缺不缺成分，不缺，引导词就用that或whether/if,缺成分，就用wh-类连接词(包括how,because等)。

例:My uncle is theowner of a restaurant close to ________I live.

解析句意：我叔叔是离我住的地方很近的一家饭店的老板。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导从句。

答案where

 

 

真题回顾

一、语法填空

6．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Keep in mind  body language plays a huge role  communication because it accounts for over 50 per cent of communication. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】     that     in

【详解】考查从句和介词。句意：请记住，肢体语言在交流中起着巨大的作用，因为它占交流的50%以上。分析句子可知，空①引导宾语从句，从句“body language plays a huge role________communication”句意完整，成分齐全，用连词that引导从句，空二为介词in，play a role in...“在……起作用”，是固定短语，故填①that；②in。

7．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Why is it some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查强调句。句意：到底是为什么一些人比我们其他人聪明得多或者有创造性得多？分析句子可知，此处是强调句型的特殊疑问句式，结构为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分”。故填that。

8．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）You can’t imagine  excited I was when hearing the news that you will need some volunteers. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】how

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你无法想象当听到你需要一些志愿者的消息时我有多兴奋。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“多么”应为how修饰空后的excited，所以此处应使用连接副词how。故填how。

9．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and  there is so much to learn from each other. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她说，希腊和中国都有丰富的文化和传统，可以追溯到古代，有很多东西可以相互学习。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作says的宾语，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。

10．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）It’s a good thing that people are going out to enjoy themselves and to discover the great heritage and history, but it is also quite dangerous if they don’t understand  fragile the environment is. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】how

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：人们出去享受生活，发现伟大的遗产和历史是一件好事，但如果他们不了解环境有多脆弱，这也是相当危险的。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且修饰形容词fragile应用连接副词how。故填how。

11．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）What some teenagers don’t realize is  difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】how

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是，在他们吸毒成瘾后，生活是多么的艰难。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意以及空后的形容词difficult可知，此处表示“多么”应为连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。

12．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Getting up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is  morning people tend to be healthier and happier. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】why

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：早起也有助于缓解压力和紧张，因为它让你有时间在分心之前进行一次锻炼。这就是为什么早晨起来的人往往更健康、更快乐的原因。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，因空白处在表语从句中作状语表示原因，使用连接副词连接表语从句，故填why。

13．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Libraries have evolved as the public’s needs have changed. In fact, if you haven’t visited your local public library for a while, you may be surprised at  it now has to offer. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】what

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：图书馆随着公众需求的变化而发展。事实上，如果你有一段时间没有去过当地的公共图书馆，你可能会对它现在提供的东西感到惊讶。at后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。

14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The fact of the matter is  most people consume far more protein than they actually need. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，大多数人摄入的蛋白质远远超过了他们实际需要的量。分析句子结构，本句为包含表语从句的复合句，因从句结构完整且句意完整，使用连接代词that连接表语从句，故填that。

15．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is  it is rainy, and the rainfall increases after the Grain Rain solar term. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：谷雨天气的主要特征是多雨，谷雨节气过后雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。

 

（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wearing Hanfu and sitting in front of a Chinese zither (筝), Peng Jingxuan, a young Chinese student, moves her fingers gently along the strings on a street in Paris, France.

Peng has shared more than 200     16     (origin) videos online, with the most popular one featuring the theme song of the movie A Chinese Ghost Story viewed over 16.61 million times. “I love how she’s representing her culture in a     17     (set) where people are not familiar with it. You can tell she’s proud of her background and her music,” one of her fans commented.

Chinese zither (筝), or guzheng, is an ancient musical instrument with 21-26 strings and a length of 1.63 meters. Peng     18     (fall) in love with it when young and has been practicing it for years. Hardly finding Chinese instruments     19     (play) on the streets in Paris, she took along her guzheng     20     began her street performances to sharpen her skills. The more she performed, the more she felt a greater sense of responsibility     21     (spread) Chinese music and culture.

Considering her audience’s     22     (unfamiliar) with Chinese songs, Peng made adaptations, for     23     she received positive responses. She also performed Western pop songs that local people could relate     24    , entertaining them with beautiful melodies in a      25      (refresh) style.

【答案】

16．original    17．setting    18．fell    19．were played/played    20．and    21．to spread    22．unfamiliarity    23．which    24．to    25．refreshing

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了彭静璇在法国的巴黎街头穿着汉服，坐在古筝前弹奏。她已经在网上分享了200多个原创视频，其中最受欢迎的一个是电影《倩女幽魂》的主题曲，观看次数超过1661万次。

16．考查形容词。句意：彭静璇在网上分享了200多个原创视频，其中最受欢迎的一个是电影《倩女幽魂》的主题曲，观看次数超过1661万次。修饰名词videos需用形容词original，作定语。故填original。

17．考查名词。句意：我喜欢她在一个人们不熟悉的环境中展现自己的文化的方式。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词setting。故填setting。

18．考查动词时态。句意：彭在年轻的时候就爱上了它，并且已经练习了很多年。根据“when young”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填fell。

19．考查动词时态语态或非谓语动词。句意：在巴黎街头几乎找不到演奏中国乐器的人，她带着她的古筝开始了她的街头表演，以提高她的技能。Finding后面可以处理为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，Chinese instruments和play为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合“took”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were；也可以将空处处理为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，Chinese instruments和play为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填（were）played。

20．考查连词。句意同上。took along her guzheng和began her street performances为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。

21．考查非谓语动词。句意：演出越多，她就越觉得有责任传播中国音乐和文化。空处修饰名词responsibility，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to spread。

22．考查名词。句意：考虑到听众对中文歌曲的不熟悉，彭改编了一些歌曲，并获得了积极的反响。audience’s为名词所有格，修饰名词，空处需填名词unfamiliarity作宾语。故填unfamiliarity。

23．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是adaptations（改编），指物，关系词在在定语从句中作for的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。

24．考查介词。句意：她还演唱了当地人感兴趣的西方流行歌曲，用优美的旋律和清新的风格娱乐他们。relate to为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”。故填to。

25．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词style需用形容词refreshing，作定语。故填refreshing。

 

二、阅读理解

（2024·河北·三模）On your first day of work, you’ll likely receive a lot of information and meet many of your coworkers.     26     In this article, we offer some tips to help you make your first day of work a success.

Ask questions.

To show interest and learn more about your new role and company, ask questions.     27     Though your manager or human resources department could answer most of your questions naturally throughout the onboarding process, you can ask any that is leftover at the end of the day. Ask questions to clarify anything about your duties, processes and the company’s system.

    28   

Your supervisor should give you a list of your responsibilities on the first day. Make notes about the different parts of the role and ask questions if you need clarification about a duty. It’s important to make sure you know the standards of the job so you can meet and surpass them in time. It also makes evaluations easier to understand.

Start building your network.

As you meet your colleagues, try to form connections. You should create a network of coworkers that can help you learn in the first few weeks.     29     Ask your coworkers icebreaker questions, and let them know that you’re eager to begin contributing to the team.

Be grateful.

At the end of your first day, thank everyone who helps you during the day.     30     Showing gratitude demonstrates positivity and your drive to begin contributing to the company.

A．Find out about the professional expectations.

B．Keep an open mind and show your talent at times.

C．You can create a list of questions the day before you start.

D．Thank your manager again for the opportunity to be part of their team.

E．Being prepared helps you adjust to your new work environment quickly.

F．This can show that you want to take more responsibilities in the company.

G．It is also useful throughout your career since you often need to rely on a team.

【答案】26．E    27．C    28．A    29．G    30．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给第一天上班的新员工分享了一些建议。

26．前文“On your first day of work, you’ll likely receive a lot of information and meet many of your coworkers. (在你工作的第一天，你可能会收到很多信息，并遇到很多同事)”谈到第一天工作的情境，后文“In this article, we offer some tips to help you make your first day of work a success. (在这篇文章中，我们提供了一些建议来帮助你成功地度过第一天的工作)”表示文章主要是分享建议，因此E项“Being prepared helps you adjust to your new work environment quickly. (做好准备可以帮助你快速适应新的工作环境)”符合语境，提出做好准备对第一天工作的作用，承接前文，引出后文的建议，其中的new work environment和前文的first day of work呼应。故选E。

27．前文“To show interest and learn more about your new role and company, ask questions. (为了表现出对你的新职位和公司的兴趣，你可以问一些问题)”建议提问题，因此C项“You can create a list of questions the day before you start. (你可以在开始前一天创建一个问题列表)”符合语境，提出可以创建问题列表，承接前文，其中的questions在前文有同词复现。故选C。

28．空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“Your supervisor should give you a list of your responsibilities on the first day. Make notes about the different parts of the role and ask questions if you need clarification about a duty. It’s important to make sure you know the standards of the job so you can meet and surpass them in time. It also makes evaluations easier to understand. (你的主管应该在第一天给你一份职责清单。记下这个职位的不同部分，如果需要澄清职责，可以提出问题。确保自己了解这份工作的标准是很重要的，这样你才能及时达到并超越这些标准。它还使评估更容易理解)”可知，本段主要建议弄清楚工作职责，了解工作标准，因此A项“Find out about the professional expectations. (了解职业期望)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的professional expectations和后文的responsibilities、duty和standards呼应。故选A。

29．前文“As you meet your colleagues, try to form connections. You should create a network of coworkers that can help you learn in the first few weeks. (当你和同事见面时，试着建立联系。你应该建立一个同事网络，在最初的几周内帮助你学习)”建议与同事建立联系，因此G项“It is also useful throughout your career since you often need to rely on a team. (这在你的职业生涯中也很有用，因为你经常需要依靠一个团队)”符合语境，解释为什么要这样做，为该建议提供支撑，承接前文。故选G。

30．前文“At the end of your first day, thank everyone who helps you during the day. (在第一天结束的时候，感谢每一个帮助过你的人)”建议对给予帮助的人表达感谢，因此D项“Thank your manager again for the opportunity to be part of their team. (再次感谢你的经理让你有机会成为他们团队的一员)”符合语境，提出要感谢经理，承接前文，其中的Thank在前文有同词复现。故选D。

 

（2024·广东·二模）A new study shows that female academics are significantly underrepresented in winning academic prizes and having awards named after them. Analysis of nearly 9,000 awardees and 346 scientific prizes and medals published in Nature Human Behaviour has found that men win eight prizes for every one won by a woman if the award is named after a man. These awards represent almost two-thirds of all scientific prizes. Female academics are, however, more likely to win awards that have been named after other notable female scientists, with 47% of those awards going to women and 53% to men.

Dr Katja Gehmlich, Associate Professor in the Institute of Cardiovascular Science at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study, said, “The gender gap between awardees in scientific prizes is sadly a product of a long, systematic issue of poor representation of women in sciences. Despite decades of efforts to rebalance this issue, our study shows that women are still poorly recognized for their scientific contributions, and men are far more likely to win prizes and awards, in particular, if those awards are named after other men.

“It seems particularly shocking to me that awards named after women still see more than half of prizes going to men. We further propose a list of actions to address and overcome these issues but are aware this will be a long process. The Nominate Her movement is one way that the scientific community can begin to address this,” said Dr Gehmlich.

Prof Stefan Krause from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study said, “Our data is indicative of much wider issues of gender inequality within sciences. Our current publication is an initial attempt to understand the causes of such striking gender inequality and to promote discussion on the subject within our scientific communities.”

“Research culture has a lot to do to improve the gender prize gap, as well as efforts to address the inequality that sees almost two-thirds of prizes currently named after men. More pathways may also be needed, such as renaming or getting rid of gender names associated with some awards,” added Prof Krause.

31．How are awards named after female scientists distributed between genders?

A．Males are in the majority.

B．Females take up a bit more than half.

C．They are almost entirely awarded to females.

D．They are evenly distributed between males and females.

32．What’s Dr Gehmlich’s attitude toward gender inequality in scientific prizes?

A．Doubtful.                                           B．Tolerant.

C．Uncaring.                                           D．Disappointed.

33．What suggestion does Prof Krause offer to narrow the gender gap?

A．Establishing gender rates for awards.

B．Increasing the number of female judges.

C．Encouraging more women to enter scientific fields.

D．Renaming or removing gender names from awards.

34．What is the best title for the text?

A．Achievements of women in science

B．The role of men in the scientific world

C．Gender inequality in scientific awards

D．Future of gender equality in academia

【答案】31．A    32．D    33．D    34．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究表明，在获得学术奖项和以她们的名字命名的奖项方面，女性学者的比例明显不足。

31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Female academics are, however, more likely to win awards that have been named after other notable female scientists, with 47% of those awards going to women and 53% to men.(然而，女性学者更有可能获得以其他著名女科学家命名的奖项，其中47%的奖项授予了女性，53%的奖项授予了男性。)”可知，以女性科学家命名的奖项男性获得者占多数。故选A。

32．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr Katja Gehmlich, Associate Professor in the Institute of Cardiovascular Science at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study, said, “The gender gap between awardees in scientific prizes is sadly a product of a long, systematic issue of poor representation of women in sciences. Despite decades of efforts to rebalance this issue, our study shows that women are still poorly recognized for their scientific contributions, and men are far more likely to win prizes and awards, in particular, if those awards are named after other men.( 伯明翰大学心血管科学研究所副教授、该研究的联合主要作者Katja Gehmlich博士说:“令人遗憾的是，科学奖项获奖者之间的性别差距是女性在科学领域代表性不足这一长期系统性问题的产物。尽管几十年来一直在努力重新平衡这一问题，但我们的研究表明，女性在科学上的贡献仍然得不到认可，而男性获奖的可能性要大得多，特别是如果这些奖项是以其他男性的名字命名的。)”可知，学术奖项中的性别不平等是一个长期存在的系统性问题，由此可推知，她对该现象感到失望。故选D。

33．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Research culture has a lot to do to improve the gender prize gap, as well as efforts to address the inequality that sees almost two-thirds of prizes currently named after men. More pathways may also be needed, such as renaming or getting rid of gender names associated with some awards,” added Prof Krause.(“研究文化在改善性别奖项差距方面还有很多工作要做，同时也要努力解决目前近三分之二的奖项以男性命名的不平等问题。可能还需要更多的途径，比如重命名或取消与某些奖项相关的性别名称，”克劳斯教授补充道。)”可知，克劳斯教授对缩小性别差距提出的建议是从奖项中重命名或删除性别名称。故选D。

34．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study shows that female academics are significantly underrepresented in winning academic prizes and having awards named after them.(一项新的研究表明，在获得学术奖项和以她们的名字命名的奖项方面，女性学者的比例明显不足。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学奖项中的性别不平等。故选C。

 

三、完形填空

（2024·福建·模拟预测）As a writer, I miss rejection slips. Not that I enjoyed receiving those pre-printed slips of paper, but at least when I got one, I was pretty sure that a flesh-and-blood    35    had put it in the envelope. And there was always the chance I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom,    36    the piece almost made it. When an editor at McCall’s wrote, “I’m afraid I have to say no on this    37    piece, but try me again on another, would you?” It was almost as    38    to me as if she had said, “We’ll    39    it and here is an advance for you”.

Nowadays, rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online submissions. Most editors don’t feel it a must to    40    they have received, read, or considered your work because they receive so many    41    each day.

For me, there are three    42    of rejection slip pain. The first is    43    brought on by finding a flat “no” on a     44     piece of paper, then followed by anger (how could they     45     a piece that is obviously so much     46     than most of the stuff they print), and, finally, rebirth: I will live to     47     a new piece another day.

Learning to     48     rejection seems like part of growing up as a writer. Despite the many letters of acceptance I have received, my folder of “Noteworthy Rejection Slips” is far     49     than that of “Noteworthy Acceptances”, which indicates to me the fact: I still have some growing up to do.

35．A．writer             B．reader                    C．mailman                 D．editor

36．A．demanding      B．indicating               C．suspecting               D．arguing

37．A．boring             B．novel                     C．lengthy                   D．particular

38．A．thrilling          B．upsetting                C．embarrassing           D．amusing

39．A．buy                 B．reject                     C．check                     D．substitute

40．A．prove              B．determine               C．explain                   D．acknowledge

41．A．proposals         B．drafts                     C．contributions           D．instructions

42．A．meanings         B．stages                     C．wonders                 D．rewards

43．A．relief              B．frustration              C．anger                     D．hesitation

44．A．valueless         B．expensive               C．characterless           D．shiny

45．A．make up          B．put away                C．turn down               D．insist on

46．A．easier              B．better                     C．shorter                   D．longer

47．A．print               B．revise                     C．download               D．submit

48．A．accept             B．criticize                  C．judge                     D．evaluate

49．A．thinner            B．fatter                     C．older                      D．newer

【答案】

35．D    36．B    37．D    38．A    39．A    40．D    41．C    42．B    43．B    44．C    45．C    46．B    47．D    48．A    49．B

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名作家，对于自己的投稿被拒绝的一些感悟。

35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：并不是说我喜欢收到那些预先打印好的纸条，但至少当我收到一张纸条时，我很确定是一个有血有肉的编辑放在信封里的。A. writer作家；B. reader读者；C. mailman邮递员；D. editor编辑。根据下文“When an editor at McCall’s wrote”可知，此处指的是编辑。故选D。

36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是有可能在底部看到一个手写的句子，表明这篇文章几乎成功了。A. demanding要求；B. indicating表明；C. suspecting怀疑；D. arguing争论。根据“I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom”可知，编辑留下的句子表明这篇文章几乎快要成功了。故选B。

37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：McCall的一位编辑写道：“恐怕我不得不拒绝这篇特殊的文章，但请再试一试另一篇，好吗？”A. boring无聊的；B. novel新颖的；C. lengthy冗长的；D. particular特殊的。根据“but try me again on another, would you?”可知，这是对于拒绝投稿的委婉的说法，赞扬文章很特别，但是不得不拒绝。故选D。

38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这几乎让我感到激动，就好像她在说:“我们将要买它，这是给你的预付款。”A. thrilling令人激动的；B. upsetting令人苦恼的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. amusing引人发笑的。根据后文描述可知，因为提前支付预付款，所以激动。故选A。

39．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. buy买；B. reject拒绝接受；C. check检查，查看；D. substitute代替。根据“here is an advance for you”可知，此处表示将要购买。故选A。

40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数编辑并不觉得必须承认他们已经收到、阅读或考虑过你的作品，因为他们每天都会收到如此多的投稿。A. prove证明；B. determine决定；C. explain解释；D. acknowledge承认。根据“Nowadays, rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online submissions.”可知，如今，由于网上投稿的使用，退稿单似乎已经消失了，大多数编辑并不觉得必须承认他们已经收到、阅读或考虑过你的作品。故选D。

41．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. proposals提议；B. drafts草稿；C. contributions投稿；D. instructions指导。根据“Most editors don’t feel it a must to 　　6　　 they have received, read, or considered your work”可知，此处对应的是work，指的是每天收到很多投稿作品。故选C。

42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，被拒绝的痛苦有三个阶段。A. meanings意义；B. stages阶段；C. wonders奇迹；D. rewards奖励。根据“The first”，“then”和“finally”可知，此处指被拒绝后的痛苦有三个阶段。故选B。

43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先是在一张毫无特色的纸上发现一个“不”字所带来的挫败感，然后是愤怒（他们怎么能拒绝一份明显比他们印刷的大多数东西都要好得多的作品），最后是重生：我将在另一天提交一份新作品。A. relief宽慰；B. frustration受挫；C. anger生气；D. hesitation犹豫。根据“by finding a flat “no””可知，发现被拒绝首先应该感受到的是挫败感。故选B。

44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. valueless没有价值的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. characterless无个性的；D. shiny发光的。根据“because they receive so many 　　7　　 each day.”可知，编辑拒绝投稿的纸条应该是没有个性的，千篇一律的。故选C。

45．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. make up组成，编造；B. put away把……收起来；C. turn down拒绝；D. insist on坚持。根据“then followed by anger”可知，此处表示他们怎么能拒绝一份明显比他们印刷的大多数东西都要好得多的作品。故选C。

46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. easier更容易的；B. better更好的；C. shorter更短的；D. longer更长的。根据“than most of the stuff they print”可知，作者认为自己的投稿明显比他们印刷的大多数东西都要好得多。故选B。

47．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. print打印；B. revise修改；C. download下载；D. submit提交。根据“a new piece another day”可知，此处表示重新提交一份新的作品。故选D。

48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学会接受拒绝似乎是作家成长的一部分。A. accept接受；B. criticize批评；C. judge评判；D. evaluate评估。根据“seems like part of growing up as a writer”可知，作者认为学会接受拒绝是作为作家成长的一部分。故选A。

49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我收到了很多录取通知书，但我的“值得注意的拒绝通知书”文件夹比“值得注意的录取通知书”文件夹要厚得多，这告诉我一个事实：我还有很长的路要走。A. thinner更瘦的；B. fatter更厚的；C. older更老的；D. newer更新的。根据“which indicates to me the fact: I still have some growing up to do.”可知，作者“值得注意的拒绝通知书”文件夹比“值得注意的录取通知书”文件夹要厚得多。故选B。