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动词的时态和语态
进门测试
1.(2024·天津·二模)There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past.
A.were B.have been C.was D.has been
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意:我家附近有一条河,过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知,此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词,谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。
2.(2024·天津·二模)I miss my parents very much; I_______ from my home for 5 months by next Sunday.
A.am away B.will have been away C.have been away D.will be away
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:我非常想念我的父母;到下周日,我将离开家5个月了。be away“离开”。根据by next Sunday可知, 到下周日时离开家5个月,所以句子时态用将来完成时,构成为will have done。故选B。
3.(2024·陕西西安·三模)The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A.disliked B.were C.had D.did
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和助动词。句意:学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多。A. disliked不喜欢;B. were是;C. had有,过去完成时中助动词;D. did做,一般过去时中助动词。句子表示“学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多”,空格处意为“花费”,由前面的spent可知,空格处也本应用spent,为了避免重复,可用did代替前面的动作。故选D。
4.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)He said the team (experiment) with different types of food products, but the models they got weren't as successful. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had experimented
【详解】考查时态。句意:他说,该团队已经试验了不同类型的食品,但他们得到的模型并不成功。这里为从句的谓语动词,根据主句谓语said可知,从句时态为过去完成时。故填had experimented。
5.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)After calling the wildlife rescue center and learning that all its vehicles were out on other business, I carefully (wrap) (裹住) the wild bird in a towel and carried him to my friend’s car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wrapped
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我给野生动物救援中心打了电话,得知那里所有的车辆都出去办别的事了,就用毛巾把这只野鸟小心翼翼地包好,送到我朋友的车上。整个事情都是对已发生的事情的描述,所以wrap要用一般过去时,这个单词为闭音节单词,后加ed时,需双写p。故填wrapped。
一、知识脉络
二、知识精讲
动词的时态
一、动词的16种时态
作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生或状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。时态包括时 (time) 和式 (form) 两个方面。时表示动作发生或状态存在的时间,有现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种时间;式是表示动作或状态的表现方式,有一般、进行、完成和完成进行四种方式,每一种时和式的结合构成一种时态。
现以动词 study 为例,将16种时态的主动和被动语态的构成列表如下:
式 |
一般式 |
进行式 |
完成式 |
完成进行式 |
现在 |
现在一般时 |
现在进行时 |
现在完成时 |
现在完成进行时 |
过去 |
过去一般时 |
过去进行时 |
过去完成时 |
过去完成进行时 |
将来 |
将来一般时 |
将来进行时 |
将来完成时 |
将来完成进行时 |
过去将来 |
过去将来一般时 |
过去将来进行时 |
过去将来完成时 |
过去将来完成进行时 |
二、主要时态的基本用法
1.一般现在时
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often,usually,every day等时间状语。 |
Many of us love July because it's the month |
(2)一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客 |
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。 |
(3)表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词。如begin |
The meeting begins at seven.会议七点钟开始。 |
(4)表示状态和感觉的动词,如be,like,hate, |
I like English
very much我很喜欢英语。 |
(5)书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现 |
Xi Jinping meets journalists. |
(6)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用现 |
If I want to decorate my website with some Chinese elements,what should I do?(2021·全国甲卷) |
1.(23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试)Do you think not you but he ________ for this mess? As a matter of fact, everyone is a victim, and everyone will also take the blame for the mistake.
A.has to blame B.is to be blamed C.is to blame D.blames
【答案】C
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:你认为不是你而是他应该为这混乱局面负责吗?事实上,每个人都是受害者,每个人也都会为错误承担责任。表示“某人应受责备”短语为be to blame。故选C。
2.(23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试)If we___________ to understand each other, we will build a stronger friendship.
A.will lean B.learn C.won’t learn D.don’t learn
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:如果我们学会相互理解,我们将建立更牢固的友谊。此处主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表将来,故选B。
2.一般过去时
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或 |
Some language experts believe that 10,000years
ago,when the world had just five to tenmillion people,they spoke perhaps
12,000 language between them.(全国卷Ⅱ) |
(2)表示过去经常发生的动作(也可用"used |
During the vacation I often swam/would swim |
(3)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。 |
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,lookedat his father,and then died.那孩子眼睛睁开了一会儿,看了看他父亲,然后死去了。 |
(4)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去 |
He said he wouldn't go with us if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不和我们一块去了。 |
(5)表示从过去某一时间考虑,已经预先计划 |
He told us that school started on the following |
3.(2024·天津南开·一模)She ________that the glass would break while opening the window.
A.has frightened B.was frightened C.frightened D.had frightened
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知,该句描述的是过去发生的情况,所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词,意为“使惊吓”,所以不符合句意。故选B。
3.一般将来时的用法
用法
|
例句
|
(1)“be going to+动词原形”,表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。will/shall+动词原形,表示将来的动作或状态。
|
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 We are going to have a meeting today.今天我们开个会。 Knowing some tips will help ensure that youhave an enjoyable meal with friends or family一no matter where you are in the world.(2022·全国甲卷) 知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。 |
(2)go,come,start,move,sail,leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。 |
The bus is coming here公共汽车就要来了。 |
(3)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。 |
Are we to go on with this work?我们要继续这项工作吗? |
(4)be about to do这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事。 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。 |
Don't go out,we're about to have dinner别出去了,我们很快就吃饭了。 |
4.(23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试)The mayor warns the public that the battle against the pollution ________ unless some strong measures ________ without delay.
A.won’t be won; are taken B.won’t win; will be taken
C.won’t be won; taken D.won’t win; take
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态和语态、条件状语从句。句意:市长警告公众,除非毫不拖延地采取一些强有力的措施,否则与污染的斗争不会胜利。that引导的宾语从句中,主语the battle“斗争”与win“赢得”为被动关系,且由warns和句意可知,事情发生在将来,宾语从句用一般将来时的被动语态的否定形式。unless“除非”引导条件状语从句,且由warns和句意可知,事情发生在将来,从句用一般现在时表将来,主语some strong measures与动词take为被动关系,从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
5.(2023高三·全国·专题练习)What prize ________ in the following competition?
A.do you think you will get
B.do you expect will you get
C.do you think you have got
D.do you expect have you got
【答案】A
【详解】考查插入语句式、时态。句意:你希望在接下来的比赛中获得什么奖?do you think/expect作插入语,后面的从句应用陈述语序,根据状语in the following competition,可知设空处应用一般将来时。故选A项。
4.过去将来时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 |
Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few
people guessed that he was going to be a famous scientistwhose theories would
change the world.(浙江卷) |
(2)表示过去将来时的其他几种结构: |
Amy told me she was going to buy a computer艾米告诉我她打算买一台电脑。 |
6.(22-23高三上·天津武清·期中)Hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger.
A.include B.will include
C.included D.would include
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态。句意:数百人花了大价钱在一次他们明知道会包括拥挤、不舒适和危险的体验上。设空处为从句谓语,主句是一般过去时,从句表示从过去看将来,应用过去将来时,故选D。
7.(2024·天津红桥·一模)The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________.
A.were to play B.were playing C.had played D.played
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好,但几年前,没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知,表示过去将要发生的事情,应用过去将来时。故选A。
5.现在进行时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常now,right now,at the moment,for the time being,for the present等时间状语连用。 |
It is still raining hard at present天现在还在下着大雨。 |
(2)表示现阶段正在发生的动作,但说 |
The police are talking to a number of people about
the |
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进 |
I've been told that you are leaving
for Beijing.And |
(4)表示一种重复的动作,常与always,constantly,continually,forever |
They are constantly having parties
until the earlyhours of the morning |
(5)表示一个动作刚刚开始。 |
The tulip is opening郁金香刚刚开放。 |
8.(2024·天津南开·一模)Tom, along with his assistants, ________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A.work B.have been working C.is working D.are working
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:汤姆和他的助手们日夜工作以赶在最后期限前完成这个项目。根据句意和时间状语日日夜夜可以判断本句用现在进行时,句子主语为Tom,谓语采用第三人称单数,along with his assistants不影响谓语的单复数。故选C项。
9.(23-24高三上·天津河东·期末)—May I take the typewriter away?
—Sorry, I ______ it.
A.am using B.used C.have used D.was using
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——我可以把打字机拿走吗?——对不起,我正在用。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,结合句意和语境可知,不能拿走的原因,是“我正在用它”,需用现在进行时。故选A项。
6.过去进行时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 |
I was watching a football match at this time
yesterday |
(2)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的 |
The telephone was ringing,but by the time Igot indoors,it stopped.电话响了,但是当我进来的时候,它停了。 |
(3)表示过去将要发生的动作表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作,这种用法常见于come,go,start,leave等。 |
He said he was leaving for America
tomorrow |
(4) 表示礼貌 hope,think,want,wonder等动词的进行时,并不表示过去的时间,而是表达现在的客气或礼貌。 |
I was wondering if you could help me
carry the |
10.(23-24高三上·天津·期末)We the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectation to us.
A.were observing B.have observed C.would observe D.observed
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:我们正在教室里庆祝2024年元旦,突然,我们敬爱的校长走进教室,给我们带来了最美好的祝愿和期待。A. were observing过去进行时;B.have observed现在完成时;C. would observe过去将来时;D. observed一般过去时。根据“when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom”可知,当校长走进教室时,我们正在庆祝2024年元旦,“observe”和“entered”是过去同时发生的动作,前者是延续性动词,故用过去进行时。故选A项。
11.(23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习)Jim __________ a late night film at home when the television went blank.
A.watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would be watching
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:吉姆正在家里看一部深夜电影,这时电视一片空白。分析句子结构可知,空处为主句的谓语动词。固定句型be doing sth. when...“正在做某事时,发生了……”。主句为过去进行时,从句为一般过去时。故选C。
7.现在完成时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(也 |
In the past few years,great changes have
takenplace in my hometown.在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 |
(2)一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的 |
He has turned off the light.(=The light is offnow.他已经关了灯。 |
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将 |
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with
myown eyes. |
12.(23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试)Dozens of companies, including Hewlett-Packard, a lot over the past few years.
A.has changed B.have changed C.was changing D.were changing
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:包括惠普在内的数十家公司在过去几年里发生了很大变化。根据“over the past few years”可知句子用现在完成时,主语companies是名词复数,故选B。
13.(23-24高三上·黑龙江大庆·期末)The company ______ as a failure ______ into a major chemical manufacturer in the past decade.
A.regarded; evolved B.regarded; has evolved
C.was regarded; evolved D.has been regarded; has evolved
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意:这家被认为失败的公司在过去的十年里已经发展成为一家主要的化学品制造商。分析句子并结合选项可知,第一空作company的后置定语,是非谓语动词,regard“认为,把……看作”和company逻辑上是被动关系,且动作当时已完成,应用work的过去分词形式;第二空作句子的谓语,时间状语为in the past decade,表示行为从过去持续到现在,时态应用现在完成时。故选B。
8.过去完成时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作前已发生的动作或存在的状态,“过去的过去”为其特点。 |
Larry told her that he had already put out thefire
and she would not move in case she injuredher neck.(全国卷I) |
(2)表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续或延续到过去的另外一时间,常与延续性动词连用,并常接由for,since,by,when,until等引导的表示一段时间或表示起止的时间状语。主要用于宾语从句中。 |
They had learned 3,000 English words by the |
(3)在包含hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than的句型中主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。此项常在连词中和倒装句中考查。 |
We had scarcely/hardly left the house when it |
(4)在含有由after,before等引导的状语从句的复合句中,由于这类词本身的意义能够明确表示时间的先后关系,因此谓语动词常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 |
After he(had)finished his homework,he went |
(5)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成 |
I had meant to help her,but I was too busy |
14.(23-24高三上·黑龙江大庆·期末)At that time, people ______that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and ______since.
A.was believing; didn’t change B.believed; hadn’t changed
C.had believed; hadn’t changed D.believed; haven’t changed
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当时,人们认为所有物种都在同一时间出现在地球上,而且从那以后没有改变。A. was believing认为(过去进行时); didn’t change没有改变(一般过去时);B. believed认为(一般过去时); hadn’t changed没有改变(过去完成时);C. had believed认为(过去完成时); hadn’t changed没有改变(过去完成时);D. believed认为(一般过去时); haven’t changed没有改变(现在完成时)。分析句子可知,第一空格处为主句谓语动词,根据At that time可知,应使用一般过去时;第二空格处为宾语从句的并列谓语,根据had appeared可知,应使用过去完成时,故选B项。
15.(23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习)Zonghan is an excellent photographer. By the time he graduated, he ________ quite a few popular photos.
A.has taken B.has been taken
C.had taken D.had been taken
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:Zonghan是一位优秀的摄影师。到他毕业的时候,他已经拍了不少受欢迎的照片。根据时间状语从句“By the time he graduated”可知,描述的是过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。故选C项。
9.现在完成进行时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示一个动作从过去某时开 |
For weeks,I've been thinking of bigger,deeper
questions.(全国卷Ⅲ) |
(2)表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时还在继续进行,并有可能延续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。 |
We have been driving in fog all morning,but the
fog is lifting now |
(3)表示一个过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果(相当于现在完成时)。 |
He has been doing too much work.他做的工作太多了。 (现在他筋疲力尽了) |
(4)表示重复(指断断续续,而非 |
We've been discussing the matter several times
this year 我今天同一些朋友告别了。 |
16.(23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习)The Browns ________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to Australia two years ago.
A.have been missing B.had been missing
C.were missing D.will be missing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:自从两年前搬回澳大利亚以来,布朗一家一直怀念在中国的网购体验。根据“since they moved back to Australia two years ago.”可知,本句为现在完成进行时,表示过去动作持续到现在,并可能仍然持续下去。故选A项。
17.(2024·天津宁河·一模)Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday.
A.have desired B.desired
C.have been desiring D.has been desiring
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从上个月开始,乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知,表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在,有可能进行下去,用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知,名词+ along with+名词时,谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致,即助动词应用has。故选D。
10.将来完成时的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时间,常用延续性 |
The problem will have been solved bythe time he comes back.在他回来时,问题将会得到解决。 |
(2)表示动作或状态在将来某时间以前已经结束。但其影响却延续到那一时间,常用非延续性动词。 |
By the end of this month,we surelywill
have found a satisfactory solutionto the problem. |
18.(23-24高三上·天津和平·期末)I expect you ______bored with working at the Post Office by this time next year and_______ for a more interesting job.
A.have become; will have looked B.found; will have planned
C.will have become; will be looking D.had found; had been planning
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我预计到明年这个时候,你会对邮局的工作感到厌倦,会去找一份更有趣的工作。由句意及时间状语 by this time next year及空②后的for a more interesting job可知空①表示到将来某个时刻将已经完成的动作, 应用将来完成时,空②表示在将来某个时刻将正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时,故选C项。
动词的语态
1.被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由“系动词 be+过去分词”构成。系动词 be 随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表:
形式 |
构成 |
一般现在时的被动语态 |
am/is/are+done |
一般过去时的被动语态 |
was/were+done |
现在进行时的被动语态 |
am/is/are+being+done |
过去进行时的被动语态 |
was/were+being+done |
一般将来时的被动语态 |
will/shall/be going to+be+done |
过去将来时的被动语态 |
would/should/was(were)going to+be+done |
现在完成时的被动语态 |
have/has+been+done |
过去完成时的被动语态 |
had+been+done |
将来完成时的被动语态 |
will/shall+have+been+done |
过去将来完成时的被动语态 |
would/should+have+been+done |
含有情态动词的被动语态 |
情态动词+be+done |
2.被动语态的用法
用法 |
例句 |
(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 |
When fat and salt are removed,the food tastes as
if it is missing something.(全国卷Ⅱ) |
(2)为了强调动作的承受者时。 |
Visitors are requested not to touch the
exhibitions要求参观者不可触摸展品。 |
(3)出于策略、委婉、礼 |
You are said to be active recently据说你最近很活跃。 |
(4)注意短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。 |
That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常被人嘲笑。 |
(5)“get+过去分词” |
She got married last week.她上周结婚了。 |
3.主动形式表示被动含义的情况
情况 |
例句 |
(1)某些系动词如look,sound,feel,appear, |
The dishes taste delicious.(山东淄博模拟) |
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin, |
Work began at 7 o'clock this morning |
(3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如 |
This coat dries easily这种外衣容易干。 |
(4)少数动词如print,build,cook,fry,hang, |
The books are printing.这些书正在排印中。 |
(5)表示“需要”的need,want,require及 |
The computer needs repairing.电脑需要修理。 |
三、解题方法
1.时间状语提示法
(1)一些特定的时间状语往往标志着一些特定的时态,如now,at present等标志着现在进行时;yesterday,last week,a fewyears ago等标志着一般过去时;at that time,at this timeyesterday等标志着过去进行时;tomorrow,next week,in an hour等标志着一般将来时;at this time tomorrow,at five tomorrowafternoon等往往标志着一般将来时或将来进行时等。
(2)某些副词也可以提示时态,如often,always,usually,never,seldom等表示经常性、习惯性的动作,常用于一般现在/过去时。
例:(天津市海河中学高三月考)—I hear yourfather has gone to Beijing on business.
—Yes,and he _____(return)in three weeks.
解析:——我听说你爸爸去北京出差了。——是的,他三周之后回来。答句中的in three weeks意为“三周之后”,表示将来的时间,故答句应用一般将来时。答案will return
2.语境推测法
当题中没有明确的时间标志,而是以特定的语境暗示动作发生的时间背景时,考生应根据句子前后的意思推测和判断出“时间点”。有些试题还会把几种时态结合在一起进行考查,所以考生应灵活掌握各个时态。
例(海南中学高三摸底考试)When you arehome,give a call to let me know you ______________(arrive)safely.
解析句意:你到家时给我打个电话,让我知道你已安全抵达。根据语境可知,在打电话时对方“已经到家”,know后的宾语从句应用现在完成时。答案have arrived
例:(江苏省金陵中学高三月考)—Jack,why doyou look so tired?
—Well,I________(paint)the house and I must finish thewotk tomorrow.
解析句意:—杰克,你为什么看起来如此疲惫?—噢,我一直都在粉刷房子,并且我明天必须要刷完。根据句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时,强调发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在,并且还会继续持续下去。
笞案have been painting
例:(海南中学高三质检)The hotel wasn'tparticularly good,but I ___________(stay)in many worse hotels.
解析句意:这家旅馆不是特别好,但我曾住过许多更差的旅馆。根据语境可知,此处表示“以前住过比这更差的旅馆”,再根据第一个分句中的wasn't可知,第二个分句表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”,故应用过去完成时。
笞案had stayed
3.固定句型法
在一些固定句型中,往往对句子使用何种时态有清楚的限定。
(1)“主句(现在完成时)+since从句(一般过去时)”和“Itis/has been+一段时间+since从句(一般过去时)”和“It was+一段时间+since从句(过去完成时)”。
(2)“This/It is the first/second…time+that从句(现在完成时)”和“This/It was the first/second…time+that从句(过去完成时)”。
例:(河南省郑州外国语学校高三月考)This wasthe first time that Edward ______________(visit)our hometown.
解析句意:这是爱德华第一次参观我们的家乡。“It/Thiswas the first time+that从句”是固定句型,从句要用过去完成时。答案时had visited
真题回顾
一、完形填空
(2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测)A happy-sad state can be as confusing to people as to psychologists. This is not about “smiling depression” where someone feels emotional pain, but 1 those feelings with a happy face. Rather, it’s 2 experiencing those two 3 emotions at once.
When Jeff Larsen, a psychology professor, simply asks people if it’s 4 to feel such mixed emotions, most people immediately say “yes” showing how 5 the experience is. But Larsen takes a more 6 approach.In his experiments, he asked people to watch a clip (电影片段) from a bittersweet movie and press one button if they felt 7 another if they felt happy,or 8 at the same time if they felt both emotions at once.It 9 about half pressed both happy and sad buttons at once, 10 not for very long.Larsen 11 the experience is rare, but possible.
Yale University psychology professor Laurie Santos 12 it’s possible for people to feel both positive and negative emotions at once. Situations that often 13 a happy-sad state include bittersweet events like 14 or a move to a new city for a job--situations when you’re sad about 15 , but happy about new opportunities, she noted. Endings that are also beginnings make these emotionally-rich events, Larsen added.
1.A.bottles up B.talks about C.gets over D.cares about
2.A.hardly B.occasionally C.suddenly D.truly
3.A.disturbing B.conflicting C.positive D.powerful
4.A.possible B.strange C.necessary D.acceptable
5.A.valuable B.abstract C.universal D.interesting
6.A.traditional B.theoretical C.scientific D.creative
7.A.awkward B.worried C.angry D.sad
8.A.both B.neither C.either D.each
9.A.stood out B.let out C.pointed out D.turned out
10.A.until B.though C.if D.once
11.A.believes B.predicts C.remembers D.doubts
12.A.expects B.agrees C.wonders D.imagines
13.A.change B.cause C.determine D.reflect
14.A.accidents B.adventures C.celebrations D.graduations
15.A.leaving B.forgetting C.failing D.losing
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文,讲述了科学家通过实验证明,人们有可能同时感受到开心和悲伤的情绪。
1.考查动词短语辨析。句意:这不是一种“微笑抑郁症”,即某人感到情绪上的痛苦,但却用快乐的脸来掩饰这些情绪。A. bottles up隐藏,克制;B. talks about谈论;C. gets over克服;D. cares about关心。根据““smiling depression””及where引导的定语从句可知,“微笑抑郁症”病人会用快乐的脸来掩饰内心的痛苦。故选A项。
2.考查副词词义辨析。句意:相反,它是真正同时体验到这两种相互冲突的情绪。A. hardly几乎不;B. occasionally偶然;C. suddenly突然;D. truly真正地。根据前文用“微笑抑郁症”作对比,该病人会掩饰自己的痛苦,而Rather进行转折,可知,A happy-sad state指的是一种真正的感受。故选D项。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:相反,它是真正同时体验到这两种相互冲突的情绪。A. disturbing令人不安的;B. conflicting相矛盾的;C. positive积极的;D. powerful有力量的。根据下文“if it’s____4____to feel such mixed emotions”可知,A happy-sad state是指一种能同时体验到矛盾情绪的感受。故选B项。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当心理学教授杰夫·拉森(Jeff Larsen)简单地问人们是否有可能感受到这种复杂的情绪时,大多数人立即回答“有”,这表明这种体验是多么普遍。A. possible可能的;B. strange奇怪的;C. necessary必要的;D. acceptable可接受的。根据“most people immediately say “yes””可知,此处表示拉森询问是否有可能体会到这种情绪。故选A项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当心理学教授杰夫·拉森(Jeff Larsen)简单地问人们是否有可能感受到这种复杂的情绪时,大多数人立即回答“有”,这表明这种体验是多么普遍。A. valuable有价值的;B. abstract抽象的;C. universal普遍的;D. interesting有趣的。根据“most people immediately say “yes””可知,当被问及能否体验这种感受时,大部分人立即同意,说明这种体验是普遍的。故选C项。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但拉森采用了一种更科学的方法。A. traditional传统的;B. theoretical理论上的;C. scientific科学上的;D. creative有创造力的。根据“In his experiments”及下文试验可知,拉森采取了一种科学方法进行验证。故选C项。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在他的实验中,他要求人们观看一段苦乐参半的电影片段,如果感到悲伤就按一个按钮,如果感到快乐就按另一个按钮,如果同时感受到两种情绪就同时按两个按钮。A. awkward尴尬的;B. worried担忧的;C. angry生气的;D. sad伤心的。根据“press one button if they felt____7____another if they felt happy”可知,空处的情绪与happy相对,为悲伤的情绪。故选D项。
8.考查代词词义辨析。句意:在他的实验中,他要求人们观看一段苦乐参半的电影片段,如果感到悲伤就按一个按钮,如果感到快乐就按另一个按钮,如果同时感受到两种情绪就同时按两个按钮。A. both两者都;B. neither两者都不;C. either两者中的任一个;D. each每一。根据“at the same time if they felt both emotions at once”可知,如果两种情绪都能感受到,就两个按钮都按,此处both指代两个按钮。故选A项。
9.考查动词短语辨析。句意:结果是,大约一半的人同时按下了快乐和悲伤的按钮,尽管时间不长。A. stood out脱颖而出;B. let out释放;C. pointed out指出;D. turned out结果是。根据“half pressed both happy and sad buttons at once”可知,这里表示试验结果,用turn out。故选D项。
10.考查连词词义辨析。句意:结果是,大约一半的人同时按下了快乐和悲伤的按钮,尽管时间不长。A. until直到;B. though尽管;C. if如果;D. once一旦。根据“not for very long”及前文讲到试验结果,一半的人都体验了两种情绪可知,此处表示让步,表示“尽管时间不长”。故选B项。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:拉森认为这种经历很少见,但也是可能的。A. believes相信;B. predicts预测;C. remembers记得;D. doubts怀疑。根据“the experience is rare, but possible.”及前文试验内容可知,拉森相信了这种经历是可能的。故选A项。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:耶鲁大学心理学教授劳里·桑托斯也同意,人们有可能同时感受到积极和消极的情绪。A. expects期待;B. agrees同意;C. wonders想知道;D. imagines想象。根据“it’s possible for people to feel both positive and negative emotions at once”可知,Laurie Santos博士也同意人们有可能同时感受到积极和消极的情绪。故选B项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:她指出,经常导致悲喜交加的情况包括苦乐参半的事件,比如毕业或搬到一个新城市工作——当你对离开感到难过,但对新的机会感到高兴的情况。A. change改变;B. cause导致;C. determine决定;D. reflect反思。根据“that often____13____a happy-sad state”可知,此处为定语从句修饰Situations,表示能导致悲喜交加的情况。故选B项。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:她指出,经常导致悲喜交加的情况包括苦乐参半的事件,比如毕业或搬到一个新城市工作——当你对离开感到难过,但对新的机会感到高兴的情况。A. accidents事故;B. adventures冒险;C. celebrations庆祝;D. graduations毕业。根据“a move to a new city for a job”可以推断出,搬去新的城市会遇到离开的难过和新生活的高兴,与此类似的有“毕业”。故选D项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:她指出,经常导致悲喜交加的情况包括苦乐参半的事件,比如毕业或搬到一个新城市工作——当你对离开感到难过,但对新的机会感到高兴的情况。A. leaving离开;B. forgetting忘记;C. failing失败;D. losing失去。根据“happy about new opportunities”并结合上文举例毕业和搬家可知,这两种例子中人们都会离开旧地方,去新地方。故选A项。
二、语法填空
16.(23-24高三上·福建·期末)So far, large quantities of private information (leak) to the advertisement agency illegally. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been leaked
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:到目前为止,大量的私人信息被非法泄露给了广告公司。主语large quantities of private information与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文So far可知为现在完成时的被动语态,“large quantities of +不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,助动词用have。故填have been leaked。
17.(23-24高三上·福建·期末)People (panic) and fled in all directions when they heard a deafening explosion in the street corner. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】panicked
【详解】考查时态。句意:当听到街角震耳欲聋的爆炸声时,人们惊慌失措,四处逃散。由and fled可知,句子时态是一般过去时,and前后时态一致,因此空格处是过去式panicked。故填panicked。
18.(23-24高三上·福建·期末)To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handled
【详解】考查状语从句的省略、动词语态。句意:对于任何邻国来说,边界问题如果处理不好,都会直接影响到邻国之间的关系,甚至引发冲突。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it,且从句含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为unless border issues are_____ (handled) properly,省略border issues are,border issues和 handle“处理”之间是被动关系,所以unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时的被动语态,省略border issues are,保留过去分词。故填handled。
19.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)Since Zhangjiajie (improve) its transportation and service for long, the city now can receive 36, 200 tourists per day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been improving
【详解】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意:由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务,该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语,根据时间状语for long,并结合主句时态可知,该空应使用现在完成进行时,主语Zhangjiajie为单数名词,助动词应使用单三形式。故填has been improving。
20.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)What is amazing about these earth buildings (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old, surviving through natural elements, including earthquakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这些土楼的惊人之处在于,其中一些已经有700多年的历史了,它们在包括地震在内一些自然元素中幸存下来。陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是What is amazing about these earth buildings,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填is。
21.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)In Beijing, Master Li Yu(teach) Shaolin Kung Fu to thirty young students now, three of whom come from abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is teaching
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:在北京,现在Li Yu大师正在给30个年轻学生教授少林功夫,其中3个来自国外。根据now可知,句子描述目前正在做的动作,用现在进行时。故填is teaching。
22.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)So far, the site (conduct) the final preparation and rehearsal (彩排) for the launch, including fueling up the cargo craft and transferring the spacecraft-rocket combination to the launching area. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has conducted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,该基地已经进行了发射的最后准备和彩排,包括给货运飞船加油和将飞船-火箭组合转移到发射区域。根据时间状语“so far”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语为the site,助动词用has。故填has conducted。
23.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)The country will carry out three more missions -the launch of the Tianzhou-5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou-15 crewed spaceship, as well as bringing theShenzhou-14 crew back to Earth -before it (complete) the in-orbit construction of the space station by the end of this year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】completes
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在今年年底完成空间站在轨建设之前,中国还将执行三项任务——发射天舟5号货运飞船和神舟15号载人飞船,以及将神舟14号载人飞船带回地球。before引导时间状语从句表将来时,常用一般现在时,主语为it,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填completes。
24.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)To promote various applications of Dunhuang art patterns in daily life design and achieve the development of cultural heritage represented by Dunhuang art patterns, the Chang Shana Design Award in 2021 (announce) on January 21. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was announced
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:为推动敦煌艺术图案在日常生活设计中的各种应用,实现以敦煌艺术图案为代表的文化遗产的发展,1月21日,“2021年常莎娜设计奖”正式颁发。根据后文“on January 21”可知用一般过去时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was announced。
25.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)Chang Shana, an outstanding designer and educator in China, was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang (begin). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】began
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:中国杰出的设计师和教育家常莎娜13岁时就爱上了敦煌。根据上文“was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang”可知用一般过去时。故填began。
(2024·广东茂名·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The centuries-old traditional Chinese medicine scraping (刮) massage, gua sha, has become a fashion among young people on the mainland! who show off the bruises (淤青) it creates.
26 the youth lifestyle social media platform, a young woman using the account name @hua posted pictures of herself wearing a T-shirt, in which she showed her bruises and described them as “cool”. She is one of many who regard gua sha as an efficient way to ease muscle pains and 27 (tired).
Many shared 28 (they) gua sha experiences and tips, such as using homemade scraping tools and different meridians (经脉) on the body to relax.
The meridians 29 (translate) from jing mai in Chinese, refer to paths through which the life energy 30 (flow) in the body and to organs.
The practice, also known as scraping and coining, is 31 exceptional form of traditional Chinese massage (按摩) that uses a small and flat tool to scrape the surface of skin along the meridians, 32 (leave) red bruising as a sign of released toxins.
The folk-treatment 33 originated in ancient China has enjoyed huge popularity among the older generation. The treatment is used for 34 (condition) considered not serious enough to go to hospital, according to an article in the magazine Sanlian Life Lab.
Some describe gua sha as “the Chinese way to cure the stress from the workplace” saying the pain and stress that 35 (bring) by a session bear more pleasure than parties or a weekend at the seaside.
【答案】
26.On 27.tiredness 28.their 29.translated 30.flows 31.an 32.leaving 33.that/which 34.conditions 35.are brought
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国传统中医中的刮痧被越来越多的年轻人所喜欢。
26.考查介词。句意:在这个年轻人生活方式的社交媒体平台上,一名名为@hua的年轻女子发布了自己穿着t恤的照片,照片中她露出了身上的瘀伤,并形容它们“很酷”。她和许多人一样,认为刮痧是缓解肌肉疼痛和疲劳的有效方法。“在社交平台上”用介词on,置于句首,首字母大写。故填On。
27.考查名词。句意:在这个年轻人生活方式的社交媒体平台上,一名名为@hua的年轻女子发布了自己穿着t恤的照片,照片中她露出了身上的瘀伤,并形容它们“很酷”。她和许多人一样,认为刮痧是缓解肌肉疼痛和疲劳的有效方法。ease后接不可数名词tiredness作宾语。故填tiredness。
28.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:许多人分享了他们的刮痧经验和技巧,比如使用自制的刮痧工具和身体上不同的经络来放松。形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
29.考查非谓语。句意:经络翻译自中文的经脉,指的是生命能量在身体和器官中流动的路径。The meridians与translate在逻辑上是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填translated。
30.考查时态。句意:经络翻译自中文的经脉,指的是生命能量在身体和器官中流动的路径。陈述事实,为一般现在时,主语为不可数名词,谓语为单数。故填flows。
31.考查冠词。句意:这种做法,也被称为刮痧,是中国传统按摩的一种特殊形式,使用一个小而扁平的工具沿着经络刮擦皮肤表面,留下红色瘀伤,作为释放毒素的标志。泛指“一种特殊形式”,用不定冠词修饰名词,且exceptional首字母的发音为元音音素。 故填an。
32.考查非谓语。句意:这种做法,也被称为刮痧,是中国传统按摩的一种特殊形式,使用一个小而扁平的工具沿着经络刮擦皮肤表面,留下红色瘀伤,作为释放毒素的标志。表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词作状语。故填leaving。
33.考查关系代词。句意:这种起源于中国古代的民间习俗在老一辈中非常流行。先行词为The folk-treatment,作定语从句的主语,关系代词为that或者which,作定语从句的主语。故填that/which。
34.考查名词。句意:根据《三联生命实验室》杂志上的一篇文章,这种治疗方法用于被认为不严重到需要去医院的情况。condition为可数名词,无不定冠词修饰和限定,用复数形式表示泛指。故填conditions。
35.考查时态语态。句意:一些人将刮痧描述为“中国人治疗工作压力的方式”,他们表示,割沙带来的痛苦和压力比聚会或海边的周末更令人愉悦。先行词为the pain and stress,that指代先行词作定语从句的主语,且与谓语bring为被动关系,句子在陈述事实,为一般现在时的被动语态。故are brought。