语法填空策略技巧

Step 1. 考察目标

1、阅读、理解语篇的能力;

2、分析句子结构的能力;

3、熟练运用语法,短语的能力。

Step 2.命题形式

语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面.

Step 3. 考查方式

全国高考语法填空题两类“空”：

有提示词：（共7个）

1.谓语（时态—语态—数）

2.非谓语（to do---doing—done)

3.词类转换(名—形—副）

4. 形容词的级及前后缀

5. 名词的单复数

无提示词：（共3个）

冠词、代词、介词、连词（包括定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句的连接词）及一些副词

Step 4. 解题技巧及应试策略

有提示词情况：

（一）谓语动词

句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但中间有并列、转折或从属连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。

解题技巧和应试策略：括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的数、时态、语态和语气。

1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：

现在:一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。

过去:一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。

2、时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态(主将从现) (if/unless/as soon as/after/before/when等);

3、时态标志；

4、时态一致性原则；

5、上下文语境；

Practice:

例1.  In 1969, the pollution was terrible.

It _____ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

例2.  A boy on a bike _______ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

例3.   People stepped on your feet or  _____ (push) you with their elbows (肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to bargain.

例4. …….The country life he was used to ________ （change ）greatly since the opening policy.

例5. Nobody knows what ______________(happen) if she had refused to pay.

例6.  He walked in as if he ____________(buy) the school.

（二）非谓语动词

若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语或从句时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。

解题技巧和应试策略：非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。 做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。

例1. …… but it is not enough only ______________(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

例2. ……_________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary……

例3.…… ____________(complete) the project as planned, we will have to work two more hours a day.

例4. The young student did all that he could  ______ (pass)the examinations.

例5. Some people say that children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _____________(success.)

例6. He saw the stone, ______(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”

例7. There will be a meeting, _______(start) later this year to review the film

例8. …….Lessons_________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

（三）词性转换

    通过分析句子成分，发现提示词的词性不能与它所充当的成分相吻合，则要进行词性转换。如修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子要用副词形式；修饰名词要用形容词形式；作主语或宾语、或在冠词、形容词性物主代词后要用名词。

解题技巧和应试策略：词性转换主要以词形变化为主，包含形容词与名词、形容词与动词、动词与名词等之间的相互转化。首先应分析句子结构，确定所要填的词在句中充当的句子成分，然后根据构词法将括号中的词转化为需要的词类

例1. In a _________(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to ……

例2. There must be something_________ (serious) wrong with our society.

例3.Most of the people in the town showed pity on him, but it was ________(use).

例4.But a recent study saw things quite _________ (different).

例5.The order in which they finished would decide the order of their ____________ (appear) in the Chinese calendar.

例6.…, so I’m very careful not to give out my __________(person) information.

（四）形容词的级和前后缀

当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级。

解题技巧和应试策略：括号内给出形容词或副词，要根据上下文语境确定用原级、比较级还是最高级形式。同时，应根据上下文句意来判断是否要表示否定的意思，从而决定是否要用否定的前后缀

例1：If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made  a little ________(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around , but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

例2.One of the ________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.

例3.For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as _______ (cheap) to sit comfortably at home,… 

例4.Your mistake caused a lot of ____________(necessary) work in the office.

（五）名词的单复数

解题技巧和应试策略：当提示词是名词时，一般考查其复数形式、名词所有格等，如转换成形容词形式。其解题方法为：

(1)根据题干的语法结构，特别是空前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、形容词等之后应用名词。

(2)确定词性为名词后，再确定名词可数与不可数，用单数还是复数，用名词的所有格还是其他形式。如果名词为可数，则需根据其前的限定词及谓语动词的形式确定名词单复数。

【例1】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation. for most of us the ____                (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

【例2】The secretary arranged a(n)________       (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.

 无提示词的情况

1.冠词、 2.代词、3.介词、  4.连词（包括定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句的连接词）及一些副词

（一）冠词

解题技巧和应试策略：  如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a, an)，如果是特指，就要定冠词the。  如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。

例1：An only child will succeed for ______ same reason.

例2.You can now make _______ educated decision about what career to pursue.

例3：The author of the study suggested that encouraging more books reading might be ____ useful way to prevent childhood accidents

（二）代词

 解题技巧和应试策略： 首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。

例1：Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______ spoken.

例2：The little boy pulled ______right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.

例3：I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax __.

(三)介词

解题技巧和应试策略：掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；

例1：Television is now playing a very important role ______ our life.

例2：…more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany ______advanced study.

例3：It was in this very room that I gave birth ______ Linda seventeen years ago.

（四）连词和副词

解题技巧和应试策略（1）：空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。

表示并列：and , or等；

表示因果： so, for, therefore, thus等；

表示递进：further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等； 

表示转折：but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, 等

例1：If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, _________, often gets special treatment.

例2：As the ox came ashore, the rat jumped off and finished the race first. ___________ the rat got the first year named after him and the ox got the second year.

例3：… I asked my classmates about her interest ______ then I made my final decision.

解题技巧和应试策略（2）

空格前后都是一个句子,做题时应该从句子的意义去判断是属于什么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词性从句或者状语从句），再确定填什么引导词。

如何判断从句类型？

空格前是名词_______________

空格前是及物动词  _______________  

空格前是系动词 _______________         

空格在句首________________

例1：One day, he came up with an idea ________ he would pick up all of his crop a few inches.

例2：Some people say that oldest children, _____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed.

例3：So careless was I _________ I had forgotten all about that.

Step 5.解题四部曲：一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；

二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；

难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；

四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。

Step 6.真题再现

I’m not sure 61.                    is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 62.                top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 63.                     (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64.                       (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.                         (challenge)

My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 66.                       (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching

67.                    these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.

When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find68.                     (they) alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal69.                      (mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“I’m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me

70.                     (stay) and watch.

Step 7. Finish the homework assigned by your teachers.